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This list is of lectures and book chapters on
Soviet military planning as presented in courses at the Soviet General Staff
Academy named for Marshal Voroshilov in the 1970's. The material was copied
from course documents (both lecture scripts and full texts in the classified
library) by Colonel Dastigir Wardak (Afghan Army Ret.) who was a student at the
academy (and previously also at the Frunze Academy). The documents he wrote
were translated in the 1980 -90's by Ali Jalali and John Sloan for publication
in three volumes by the NDU press The Voroshilov Lectures: Materials from
the Soviet General Staff Academy (these are now available from various book
sellers) and also as the basis of many lectures presented at various
organizations and locations. The material is in Dari and Russian and Russian
transliterated into Dari, plus Colonel Wardak's own special military
vocabulary. Its translation and editing required several years of steady
effort.
In addition the team edited and organized material from the Soviet Frunze
Academy brought by Col. Wardak and Col. Ali Jalai, also Afghanistan Army. The
material can be divided into that relating to Front, Army, and Division
operations: Air Army operations, Special branch such as Artillery, Engineer,
Signal, or Reconnaisance operations; and general topics such as military
economics.
Susequently the team created several lecture courses based on this
material for students at NDU, Dept of Army, and other audiences. The material
was also the basis for courses at Defense Intelligence University and U.S.
Naval Postgraduate School and for instruction of the Army "Red Team"
that played against U.S. "Blue" forces in various OPFOR training
exercises. The purpose of the courses was to teach Americans how to 'think
"red' down to the preparation of detailed Soviet planning documents.
We donated the large set of wall-sized planning maps and overlays to the Map
Division of the Library of Congress where they constitute the Wardak
collection.
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In this web site directory we reproduce
materials both from the original Voroshilov Academy lectures and from the
training courses we prepared, but this is a small selection of the total..
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But first we add a special summary of
material collected from lectures given at the Frunze Academy, mostly on
tactical and operational topucs. This is a very brief selction from the massive
material whose full content is listed in the table of contents. The material
was collected by the same two officers who brought us the Voroshilov Academy
material.
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Description of the Soviet General Staff
Academy and its curriculum circa 1980's
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Grahics illustrating Voroshilov texts - much
to be added to this list.
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Planning maps and overlays prepared to
illustrate Soviet methods
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Military Science- Marxist-Leninist version
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Voroshilov lecture - Chapter - Employment of
Air Forces in Strategic Operations
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Voroshilov lecture - Chapter 11 - Air Defense
In a Strategic Operation In a Continental TSMA
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Voroshilov lecture - Chapter - 14
Organization of Civil Defense
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Voroshilov lecture - Chapter - 15 Role of
Economics in War
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Division - Division Planning Documents - list
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Division - Division Instructions
and Orders
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Division - Army Initial Instructions from 8th
Army to division
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Division - Division Documents
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Division - Calculations in the Decision
Planning Process Summary - see Chapter 2 of Handbook
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Division - Sequence of Organiztion of
Reconnaissance During Division Offensive Operation
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Division - Report of the Chief of
Reconnaissance of the Division
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Division - Reconnaissance report forms
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Division - Table showing actions of units
during division movement to meeting engagement
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Division - Sample - Combat Instructions of
the Eighth Guards Army to the 16th Motorized Rifle Division
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Division - Combat Instructions of the -------
Army to a division
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Division - Rear Services
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Division - The Division Commander's orders on
rear service support
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Division - Rear Services outline
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Division - Table showing activities of
Division Commander and units during a Division Approach March
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Division - Duties and Procedures of the
Division Officers
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Division - Regiment Commander and Staff
Activities
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Division - Organization of Troop Control in a
Regiment
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Army - Chapter I - 1 - Operational Art
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Army - Chapter I - 2 - Organization and
Equipment of Combined Arms Army
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Army - Chapter I - 2 - II Army Headquarters
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Army - Chapter I - 3 - Army Offensive
Operations
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Army - Chapter I - 4 - Army Defensive
Operations
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Army - Chapter I - 5 - Army in Long Distance
March
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Army - Chapter I - 6 - Artillery in Support
of Army Operations
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Army - Tables to Calculate Artillery
Reinforcement
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Army - Chapter I - 6 - Employment of
Artillery Troops at Front and Army Levels - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 7 - Employment of Roclet
Troops at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 8 - Air Defense Troops in
Army and Front - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 8 - Air Defense in Army
Operations
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Army - Chapter I - 9 - Combat Employment of
Air Forces at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 10 - Combat Employment of
Engineer Troops at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 10 - Combat Employment of
Engineer Troops in Army Offensive Operations
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Army - Chapter I - 11 - Combat Employment of
Signal Troops at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 12 - Combat Employment of
Reconnaissance Troops at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 12 - Report of the Chief
of Reconnaissance of the Army
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Army - Chapter I - 13 - Rear Services Support
of Troops at Front and Army Level
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Army- Chapter I - 14 - Combat Employment of
Chemical and Chemical Defense Troops at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 15 - Action of Rear
Services Troops at Front and Army Level - outline
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Army - Chapter I - 15 - Army Rear Services in
Offensive Operations
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Army - Chapter I - 15a - Rear Services in
Suport of Army Actions
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Army - Chapter I - 16 - Command and Control
of Troops at Army and Front Level
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Army - Commitment into the
engagement of the second echelon
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Army - Commitment into the
engagement of the second echelon. This is a sample exercise in planning for the
commitment of the second echelon of an Army into combat
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Army - Table of Interaction of units during
Offensive
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Army - Sample Operational Directive of 8th
Guards Army
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Planning troops actions - The Elements of
Planning
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Front - Chapter II - 1 Organization of
Front and FrontHeadquarters
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Front - Chapter II - 1a -Front
Organization
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Front - Chapter II - 1b - Organization
of Front Headquarters
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Front - Chapter II - 2 - Front
in Offensive Operations
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Front- Calculations for
FrontOffensive Planning
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Front - Chapter II - 3 - Front
in Defensive Operations
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Front - Chapter II - 4 - Rocket Troops
in Front Operations
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Front - Documents relating to
Artillery planning
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Front - Chapter II - 5 - Combat
Employment of Artillery in Front Offensive Operations
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Front - Chapter II - 5 - The Role,
Composition, Tasks, and Principles of Combat Employment of Artillery in the
Front's Offensive Operation:
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Front - Chapter II - 6 - Air Defense
in Front Defensive Operations and in Army Offensive Operations
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Front - Aims of Air Defense in
FrontDefensive Operations
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Front - Chapter II - 7a -Organization
of Troop Control of Front Air Defense Troops and Means in Offensive
Operation
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Front - Chapter II - 7 - Troop Control
System of Front Aviation
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Front - Chapter II - 8 - Engineer
support of Front Operations
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Front - Chapter II - 8b - Engineer
support of Front Operations
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Front - Groupings of Engineer Troops
For Front Offensive Operation - table
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- Engineer Planning - This is a sample of
the planning table for engineer operations for army and divisions during
conduct of the attack
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- Engineer Planning - This table shows the
tasks of engineer units during the period prior to battle
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- Front - Chapter II - 9 - Signal
Support in Front Operations
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- Front - Chapter II - 10 -
Reconnaissance in Front Operations
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- Front - Chapter II - 10 -
Reconnaissance in Front Operations - another version
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- Front - Report of the Chief of
Reconnaissance of the Front
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- Front - Chapter II - 11 -
Radioelectronic Warfare in Front Operations
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- Front - Chapter II - 12 -
Observations On The Control And Employment Of Nuclear, Bacteriological and
Chemical Weapons
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--Front - Chapter II - 13a - Rear
Services in Front Operations
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- Front - Chapter II - 13b- Rear
Services Support in Front Operations
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View graphs for lectures on rear services
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- Front - Chapter II - 14 - Combat
Support and Service Troops
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- Front - Chapter II - 15 - Troop
Control
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- Front - Chapter II - 16 - Combat
Employment of Signal Troops in Front Offensive Operations
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- Front - Chapter II - 17 - The Air
Army
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- Front - Duties of Air Army Officers
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- Organization of headquarters and location
of command posts
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- Troop Control - outline of considerations
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- General outline of the content of the
lecture course on the methods for achieving troop control
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- Radio Electronic Warfare
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- Planning Soviet Air Army Operations
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- Sample: Operational Directive of the
Baltic Front
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- Maskirovka lecture
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- Maskirovka instuctor outline of
concepts
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- Maskirovkaoutline for course
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- Maskrovka - view graphs for courses
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- Maskirovkatest
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- Reflexive Control - On the methods for
influencing an opponent's decisions
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-Typical Soviet planning calculations
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- More planning calculations
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- Operational calculations -
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- Operational calculations - This section is
extracted from Handbook Volume 5 - Norms and Calculations for ease of use.
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- Exercise in Front Planning
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- Exercise in Division Planning Calculations
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook -
Introduction
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
One General Considerations For Troop Control In Operations
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Two Division And Regiment
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Three - Army
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Four - Front-
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Five - Norms and Calculations Part I Soviet Planning Norms - Part II
Calculations for planning combat
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Five - Norms and Calculations Part III_ Planning Artillery Employment (to be
completed)
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Five - Norms and Calculations - Part IV Engineer and Transportation Planning
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- Soviet Command and Staff Handbook - Chapter
Six - Troop Control Documents
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- Norms for use in Wargames and Simulations
(partial reconstruction)
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- Duties and Responsibilities of Chiefs of
Rocket Troops and Artillery
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- Operations Lesson 1: Organization of
Headquarters and Duties of Staff
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- Operations Lesson 2: Interaction of
Commander and Chief of Operations
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- Operations Lesson 3: Tactical and
Operational Calculations
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- Operations Lesson 4: Preparation of Plans,
Maps and other Documents
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- Operations Lesson 5: Practical Exercise in
FrontPlanning
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- Operations Lesson 6: Practical Exercise in
Army Planning
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- Operations Lesson 7: Practical Exercise in
Division Planning - Part
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- Lesson on Artillery Planning 1 - Principles
of Artillery
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- Lesson on Artillery Planning 2- Staff
Procedures During Decision making
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- Lesson on Artillery Planning 3 -
Preparation of Maps and Documents
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- Lesson on Artillery Planning 4 - Employment
of Front Artillery
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- Lesson on Artillery Planning 5 - Employment
of Army Artillery
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- Lesson on Artillery Planning 6 - Employment
of Division Artillery
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- Artillery Reconnaissance - table of
expected location errors
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- Test questions on Artillery Planning
lectures
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- Principles of Contemporary Employment of
Artillery in Offensive Operations:
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- General Lecture on Artillery Planning -
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- General Lecture on Soviet Reconnaissance
Planning
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- View graphs for Lectures on Reconnaissance
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- Reconaissance concepts
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- Reconnaissance duties
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- Exercise in Reconnaissance Planning
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- Test Questions for Course in Planning for
Reconnaissance at Front , Army and Division levels
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- Reconnaissance play in exercise - concept
for OPFOR use
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- Reconnaissance Norms
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- General Concepts of Military Space
Operations - outline
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- Types of Support
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- Estimate For Air Assault
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- Army Airborne Operations
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- Cryptographic Security Instructions
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- Summary of Soviet descriptions of duties of
staff officers
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- Summary of Soviet descriptions of staff
procedures
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- Duties and Responsibilities of the Army
Deputy Commander for Political Affairs
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- Discussion about Soviet views on the
unexpected and other issues in war
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