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INNERMOSTASIA- AUREL STEIN |
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Maps of
Chinese Turkestan and Kansu
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A list of Stein's maps published with Innermostasia |
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This set of
52 maps was published as volume IV of Innermostasia - the report of the
Third Expedition - the volume is actually a large folder containing the set of
individual map sheets.The maps were compiled from the surveys conducted during
the first, second and third expeditions and carefully corrected at the Survey
of India to correct discrepencies. A very valuable discussion of the whole
topographic survey and creation of the maps was published in Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu: From the
surveys made during Sir Aurel Stein's Explorations 1900-1, 1906-8,
1913-15. published by Trigonometrical Survey Office, Dehra Dun, India
1923. An appendix in this book includes necessary corrections to some of the
latitude and longitude numbers shown on some maps. The maps are not numbered in
the sequence in which they might be used to follow his narration
inInnermostasia. Rather, they are numbered from west to east in columns
and from north to south in each column. But the maps are not in the same kind
of series as those in Serindia. As can be seen below each map sheet is a
rectangle of two degrees latitude and longitude, collectively they cover the
whole area, but in each the actual survey may include only a small part of the
rectangle. These maps are quite different in cartographic style - some overlap
those in Serindia and some do not.
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Map number |
Name |
Location |
Photo number of each map sheet |
Comment |
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| Index map | Index | The entire area includes more than in Serindia. |  |
Very large format map - photo of full map results in clear general reference but text too small to read, so I made photos of sections | ||
| A | Chilas, Darel and Tangir | Northwest India - now Pakistan | |
A useful map to follow Stein's text for the initial part of his third expedition in which he visited these forbidden areas - unfortunately no similar maps for his other expeditions were provided | ||
| B | Lop Desert | Eastern part of the Taklamakan desert | |
A special, very large, map that includes the Lop desert and enough surrounding area to understand what Stein did and found. Includes traces of his and Lal Singh's surveys | ||
| C | Portions of Sistan | South-east Iran | |
Interesting map showing Stein's discoveries in south-east Iran during his return to India on his third expedition. | ||
| D | Dry Helmand Delta | South-east Iran | |
Another map of southeast Iran | ||
| 1 | Turug-art, Terek-Dawan | 74-76 E - 40-42 N | |
South east corner shows Lal Singh's survey north of Khotan to Turung-art-dawan (pass) into Pamirs | ||
| 2 | Kashgar, Muztagh-ata | 74-76 E- 38-40 N | |
From Chilbil Gumbaz to Muz-tagh-ata to north of Kashgar and west into Pamirs to Kizil-darya river - 2 routes - a very busy map sheet, hence the many photos of sections. | ||
| 3 | Sarikol | 74-76 E- 36-38 N | |
Sarikol - Wakhjur pass at 16,200 feet and Ming-taka pass at 15,450 feet into the Taghdumbash - Tash-kurghan River - Tash Kurghan town - Kilik pass | ||
| 4 | Yai-dobe | 76-78 E- 40-42 N | |
Southern part of sheet shows routes through Yai-dobe - Lal Singh survey from Tash-kurghan river into T'ien Shan foothills | ||
| 5 | Yangi-hissar, Yarkand | 76-78 E- 38-40 N | |
Kashgar to Yarkand via Yangi-Hissar - and Kashgar toward Maral-bashi - triangular area Kashgar River to Yarkand River and Tiznaf River - Lal Singh survey SW from Chilbil Gumbaz | ||
| 6 | Karghalik, Killian | 76-79 E- 36-38 N | |
Yarkand River - caravan route from there south toward Karakorum Pass along rivers and over Yangi-dawan 16,140 feet- east part of Kilian River - Kharghlik road to Khotan in mountains is Kokyar where Stein spent time editing Serindia | ||
| 7 | Ak-su, Uch-turfan, Kelpin | 78-80 E- 40-42 N | |
Tishlik River - Uch-turfan in center - Ak-su in east - old Ak-su fort on Ak-su river - Yarkand River in SE corner - Kelpin bazar in valley - Lal Singh routes north | ||
| 8 | Maral-bashi | 78-80 E - 38-40 N | |
Marl-bashi (fort ruin) and Stein's aborted effort in desert to SE and back - stone age relics on ground - multiple routes across Yarkand River | ||
| 9 | Khotan, Sanju | 78-80 E 36-38 N | |
Khotan on east edge, road from Karghalik via Guma bazar - Kakshal tati - Gosringa S of Khotan - Pialma - routes south into mtns. Nissa, Karanghu tagh - route in Kara-kash river - shows how abruptly Kun-lun rises S. ofKhotan and how rivers disappear into desert except for the Yurung-kash and Kara-Kash through Khotan - route from Nissa to Khotan -routes Nissa to Pusha - Lal Singh's route from Kilian E. to Pusha -Shahidula mazar in SW corner with part of Stein's route from the east | ||
| 10 | Kara-koram, Khitai-Dawan | 77-80 E - 34-36 N | |
Shows only on north edge the survey in 2 parts - on west is route to Karakorum pass 18,290 and on east is part of Stein's route west through the Kun-lun plateau during 2nd expedition in search of Johnson's route., | ||
| 11 | Muz-art | 80-82 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 12 and west of 16 - The southern edge shows Lal Singh's survey into the T'ien-Shan north up the Muz-art river gorge until blocked by deep snow at a pass 11,480 feet elevation. The rest of the map sheet is blank. | ||
| 12 | Kara-yulghum, Bai | 80-82 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 11, north of 13, east of 7 and west of 17 - The area between the Tarim River and T'ien Shan foothills. The SW corner shows the confluence of the Khotan, Yarkand and Ak-su Rivers. Stein's routes criss-cross the area north from Tumen and east to Bai on the Muz-art river. It shows the Karabagh oasis in the mountains on the Muz-art river. There are many towers along the road from Kara Yulghum to Yoka arik. There is much detail in this full map. | ||
| 13 | Mazar-tagh, Kara-dong | 80-82 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 12, north of 14, east of 8 and west of 18 - This map contains Khotan and Keriya rivers flowing North into the desert - Shows Kara-dong on the Keriya river and Mazar Tagh on the Khotan river. | ||
| 14 | Sampula, Chira, Keriya | 80-82 E - 36-38 N | |
This sheet is south of 13, north of 19, east of 9 and west of 19 - The Kun lun mtns are along the south half - across the center is the West-east road from Khotan to Keriya. In the northern half there are two separate rivers - Khotan and Keriya and between them Stein 's route through the desert to Dandan-uiliq and Rawak. There is much detail. |
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| 15 | Yurung-kash, and Keriya River sources | 80-82 E - 34-36 N | |
This map is south of 14 and east of 10. This sheet includes an area far south into the Kun-lun but only the northern edge was surveyed. It shows Stein's route djuring the2nd expedition to go east of the imapassable gorges and the nturn south around the highest part of the Kun lun and back west to find the sources of the Keriya and Yurung-kash rivers. The route passes LakeLightan and through the high plateau. Muztagh peak (K-5) at 23,890 feet is in the northwest corner. Ths sources of the Yurung-kash are surprisingly far east and itf lows west for miles before breaking through the Kun-lun and flowing north to Khotan. | ||
| 16 | Kere-bazar (Bai) | 82-84 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 17, east of 11, west of 20 - Only a small part of the area was surveyed so the map sheet is largely blank. Kere-bazar oasis is in a valley. Lal Singh surveyed the area by a circular route north from Kucha and then back south | ||
| 17 | Kucha | 82-24 E - 49-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 16, north of 18, east of 12 and west of 21 - The northern half is the foothills of the T'ien Shan including the oasis around Kucha. St ein's route is east - west across the center -the Tarim River flows west to east in multi-channels with several names such as Inchike darya and Ugen darya. In the center, south of Kucha is Shahyar oasis were Stein prepared to cross the Taklamakan in winter. The start of the trek is north to south. Toward the east side are routes taken back toware Lop Nor -there are several towers and small forts. | ||
| 18 | Keriya River end | 82-84 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 17, north of 19, east of 13, west of 22 - On the southern border is a small piece of the Niya ruin area. On the west side is the Keriya River. Stern found it at 82E and 38 - 45' N Most of the map sheet is unexplored desert | ||
| 19 | Niya | 82-84 E - 36-38 N | |
Ths sheet is south of 18,
east of 14, and west of 23. - The southern have is in the Kun-lun mtns with the
line of caravan route across the foothills and along the narrow area between
the hills and desert. This contains the important Niya Ruin that Stein made
famous. The intermitant streems disappear into the desert. The Iman Jafar Sadak
Mazar is north of Niya oasis and the ruin is further north in desert,
indicating that in early medieval times the river flowed further north. East of Iman Jafa Sadak is Stein's route across the desert to Endere langer on another small stream. He excavated another ancient village there. |
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| 20 | Kara-dawan, Kara-shahr R | 84-86 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 21, east of 16, west of 24 at the northern extremity of Stein's explorations. It is only a narrow area on the southern edge where he surveyed. The Kara-shahr River appears. Lal Singh's route is north to Kara dawan at11,820 feet. On the east is the ruin of Khora temple. | ||
| 21 | Bugur, Korla | 84-86 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 20, north of 22, east of 17, west of 25 - The southern half is desert, the northern half is south of Bugur and Yangi-hissar east to Korla along the T'ien Shan. Across the center is the Yarkand darya and Ugen Darya | ||
| 22 | Charchan | 84-86 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 21, north of 23, east of 18 and west of 26 - 90% is unexplored desertg. The SE corner has Charchan bazar where the Charchan River flows north and then east along the edge of the desert. Stein west from Niya 150 miles to Charchan and then on the river NW toward Charkhlik 123 miles further. | ||
| 23 | Kapa, Achchan | 84-86 E - 36-38 N | |
This sheet is south of 22, east of 19 and west of 27 - The northern half is mapped. Across the center west - east the Kun-lun foothills were surveyed by Lal Singh from Surghak in west through Achang and Kapa to Charchan River crossing. This shows the Charchan river flowing north. Along the map's northern edge is Stein's route W-E along the desert from Niya to Charchan, which is off the northern edge. | ||
| 24 | Kara-shahr | 86-88 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 25, east of 20 and west of 28. - Only the southern edge is surveyed from Kara shahr oasis and fort with ruined palace on Kara shahr river to Kumush toward Turfan. There is ohne fort at Chang-kol. | ||
| 25 | Konche-darya | 86-88 E - 40-42 N | |
The sheet is south of 24, north of 26, east of 21, west of 29 - The foothiolls of the Kuruk Tagh are across the north. The Yarkand River flows NW to SE to the Tarim river. The Kara kumoasis is in the NW corner The Ming-oi ruin site appears. | ||
| 26 | Vash-shahri | 86-88 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 25, north of 27, east of 22, west of 30 - Only the southern half is surveyed. It has the foothills of the Kun lun where Lal Singh surveyed a route across tghe center west to NE - there is the Charchan river and Stein's routes. In the right-center is Vash-shahri village and ancient ruin | ||
| 27 | Khadalik | 86-88 E - 36-38 N | |
This sheet is south of 26, east of 23 - Only a small part in the NW corner shows Lal Singh's route through the hills around Khadalik. | ||
| 28 | Turfan | 88-90 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 29, east of 24, west of 31. It is along the northern edge of Stein's surveying. In the south are the foothills of the Kuruk tagh over which there are several routes. In the center is Turfan depression with many ruins from Toksun in west to Deghar in East -Also the Kara Khoja ruin. Along the northern edge are the mountains to Guchen (Ka-ch'eng-tzu).Stein's route from there south across the mountains over the 12,280 foot pass is there. | ||
| 29 | Singer, Lou-lan | 88-90 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 28,
north of 30, east of 25, west of 32 - In the south-west corner is the Konche
darya flowing south and the Merdek ruin. Across the southern half are many
camps and neolithic finds. Lou lan is at the eastern edge at 89 degrees 46 min
East and 40 degrees 30 min North. The river bed is dry from the west to Lou
lan. Altmish bulak spring is north of Lou lan. Singer is in a small valley in theNW quarter of the Kuruk tagh hills. Some peaks reach 6,600 feet. Stein and his surveyors did extensive work in the area from Singer to Lou lan to establish the route of the dry bed of Kuruk darya which Stein believed had water for Lou lan in medieval times. |
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| 30 | Lop-nor | 88-90 N - 38-40 E | |
This sheet is south of 29, east of 26, west of 33 - Across the center see Lal Singh's survfey route in the foothills. On the western edge is Charklik, in the center Miran and the Tibetan fort at 88 degrees 454 min E. and 39 degrees 18 min N. Across the map above center is the salt sea and Tarim river that flows along the west side and then east into its delta. Lop hamlet is where the river turns eastg. Abdal is north of Miran on the Tarim River. Stein't route from there north-east to Lou lan is there. | ||
| 31 | Pichan, Chik-tam | 90-92 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 32, east of 28, west of 34 - The Pichan oasis is in the cdenter westeadgeat the end of the Kum tagh -the road NE to Chik-tam into the mountains - Across the north edge is the T'ien shan with Stein's routes on both north and south slopes. | ||
| 32 | Ancient Lop Lake Bed | 90-92 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 31, north of 33, east of 29, west of 35 - In the south-east corner is the route through Achchik bulak and Kum Kuduk toward Tun-huang along the south edge of the Lop sea. From the north-west right across the salt sea are Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes. They executed separate surveys and then met between Achchik bulak and Kum-kudak. Lal Singh completed another survey from near Lou lan north into Map 31. On the west map edge is adjacent to Lou lan and the beginning of Stein's exploration across the salt sea where he found small forts and graves on mesas. | ||
| 33 | Lowaza, Bash-kurghan | 90-92 E -38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 32, east of 30, west of 36 - The southern half is empty. Across the center are the foothills and Lal Singh's survey from Bash Kurghan to Yulghum-bulak over passes up to 11,000 feet. Across the North west corner is another route through Lowaza and Panja | ||
| 34 | Barkul, Hami | 92-94 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 35, east of 31, west of 37 - Across the north side is the route from An-hsi to Hami and on to Lopchuck and west. Then north is the ridge of T'ien shan and on the north slope is Barkul and Lake Barkul with mountains to 13,000 feet. | ||
| 35 | Su-lo Ho Delta | 92-94 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 34, north of 36, east of 32, west of 38 - Only the southern edge is surveyed - There are Kumduk and Besh toghrak and Tun Huang. It shows the delta of the Su-lo Ho and western end of the Han wall with towers. | ||
| 36 | Khanambal (Amambar) | 92-94 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 35, east of 33, west of 39 - Only the northern part was surveyed. Lal Singh's route along the foothills from Abdal through Khanambal to Su-mu'-T'am with passes at 9300 to 10000 | ||
| 37 | Karlik-tagh | 94-96 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 38, east of 34, west of 40 - This is along the northern edge of Stein's explorations. In the SW corner the route between An-hsi and Hami crosses. In the center from SE to NW is Stein's route between Mao-nei and Barkul across the desert hills and the Kuruk Tagh with peaks to 14,000. Stein surveyed one route while Lal Singh surveyed a parallel route to Bai. | ||
| 38 | Tun -huang, An-hsi | 94-96 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is south of 37, north of 39, east of 35, west of 40 - In the southern part is the important oasis at Tun-huang and the Ch'ian-fo-tung (cave of 1000 Buddhas). The south bank of the Su-lo Ho and An-hsi with Han wall and towers. There is the start of the road from An-hsi to Hami. | ||
| 39 | Nan-hu | 94-96 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is sosuth of 38, east of 36, west of 42 - Only the northern 1/4 was surveyed - Lal Singh''s work - the Nan Hu oasis is in northwest corner. | ||
| 40 | Yu-men-hsien | 96-98 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is north of 41, east of 38, west of 42 - In the southern quarter the Su-lo Ho flows east to west. The Han wall and towers from Tia and Ch'i'ao-tzu through Yu men hsien to Ying-p'an-p'u-tzu. the Su-lo Ho flows north from the mountains in the center along the south border then turns 90 degrees west neart Yu-men Hsien fort. Across the northern half Stein's route SE to NW from Mao mei toward Bai is there. | ||
| 41 | Ch'ang-ma | 96-98 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 40, east of 39, west of 43 - The SW part is empty. The nolrthern1/4 is foothills of the Nan shan - The Su-lo Ho breaks through the mountains near Ch'ang-ma'pao-tzu oasis and fort. On the eastern edge is part of the Suess range of the Nan shan. | ||
| 42 | Chin-t'a | 98-100 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is north of 43,
east of 40, west of 45 - Only the southern half was surveyed. The Pei-ta-ho
flows north into the map at Chen-t'a-ch-eng and the Kan-chou River flows north
at Huang-p'u-tzu. Together they join at Mao-mei to form the Etzin-gol. The Han wall is west and northwest of town and NE along the river. Stein's route north west from Mao-mei toward Bai shows also. |
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| 43 | Su-chou | 98-100 E - 38-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 42, east of 41, west of 46 - Stein and Lal Singh surveyed routes in the Nan Shan including the Richthofen, Suiss, Alexander III, and To-lai-shan during the 2nd and 3rd expeditions. The Pei-ta-ho flows NW and the Kan-chou flows of the map to the SE, but it flows back north in the northern part of the map. In the northern half are Su-chou and Kao-t'ai-hsien with agricultural oases and many towers. There is the famous Chia-yu-kuan fort and Ming wall. | ||
| 44 | Etsin-gol Delta | 100-102 E - 42-44 N | |
This sheet is north of 45, west of 47, - Only the southeast corner of the map sheet was surveyed. It is the Etsin-gol delta that ends in two salt lakes - Sogo-nor and Gashun-nor. The route is east to Kun gurche for camels | ||
| 45 | Etsin-gol | 100-102 E - 40-42 N | |
This sheet is ssouth of 44 and north of 46 - it is only the narrow river bed of the Etsin-gol that Stein surveyed as he passed SW to NE across the desert to Khara-khoto. part of the Mao-=mei oasis is in the SW corner. There are towers along the river opposite Khara-khoto and near Mao-mei. | ||
| 46 | Kan-chou | 100-102 E - 37-40 N | |
This sheet is south of 45, east of 43. This has part of the Nan-shan and the Kan-chou River flowing SE and then NW- Kan-chou town is there. | ||
| 47 | Kungurche | 102-104 E - 41-43 N | |
This sheet is east of 44 and 45. It shows a very small area where Mohammed Yakub Khan surveyed as he took the camels for summer vacation from Khara-khoto. It is right by the Mongolian border. | ||