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In this list we provide
links to each of the photographs we made of sections of the maps
inInnermostasia. Some maps contain a small area of actual survey
requiring only one photo while others are very full of detail making many
photos necessary. For the list of maps go to
innermostasiamaps
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Detail of maps in
Innermostasia- Title of Index maps
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The general index map
for the series in volume IV of Innermostasia - the map is too large to
photograph in one picture and achieve sufficient detail to read names. But this
gives a clear view of the vast extent of his three expeditions. The index is
for the maps made from expedition 3 but the routes shown in red on this and
each of the maps include his routes for all three expeditions. The numbers in
circles give the identification number of each map. In contrast to the map set
in Serindia, this set covers the entire area, but large parts of some
maps are blank. Each map includes an area of 2 degrees of longitude and 2 of
lattitude. In this general view we see the multiple treks he and his surveyors
made south of Khotan searching for headwaters of the rivers flowing out of the
Kun-lun. It shows his routes across the Taklamakan along the Keriya and Khotan
rivers. In the center it shows his multiple routes around Lou-lan. On the
southeast it shows his travels south of Su-chou and Kan-chou into the Nan-shan
ranges. Two the far north-east is shows his route down the Etsin-gol to reach
Khara-khoto. And along the northern edge it shows his several different routes
as far north as Barkul and the two routes - from An-hsi to Hami and from
Mao-mei to Barkul.
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Detail of maps for
Innermostasia -the general symbols
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Map legend for the maps
in Innermostasia - Chinese and Turki terms
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Legend for maps in
Innermostasia - symbols for terrain features
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Map legend for maps in
Innermostasia - symbols for camps, routes and buildings
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The western portion of
the Map index forInnermostasia - this shows the region from the Pamirs
and Hindu Kush about half way east across the Taklamakan and the Kun-lun mtns
to the sosuth and Tien-shan mtns to the north. The red numbers in circles are
the identification numbers for individual maps.
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A detail of the western
part of the Index map for Innermostasia - this includes parts of maps 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - Stein's several routes from India to Kashgar are shown - He
went over the Wakhjur Pass from Afghanistan on the second trip and the
Ming-taka Pass on the third.
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Detail from the map
index for Innermostasia showing the red numbers for each individual map
sheet - maps 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23. This shows Khotan
and Keria on the south side of the Taklamakan and Ansi and Korla on the north
side - Stein crossed the desert south to north along the Khotan river and north
to south along the Keriya river.
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Detail from Map index
for Innermostasia showing the region of the Taklamakan east of the
Keriya river to the area of the Lop desert around Lou-lan - for map sheets 11,
12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33
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Detail of the map index
for Innermostasia - map sheets 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19 - this shows
Stein's routes in the Kun-lun mountains south of Khotan and Keriya. He was
blocked by glaciers when moving directly south from Khotan (west of Mur-thagh
so later he traveled east to south of Keriya and then south to skirt the
highest ranges then south to Lake Lighen and then west through the high plateau
- The ruins in the desert at Mazar-tagh, Kara-dong, Rawak, Niya are
marked.
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Detail of the map index
for Innermostasia showing the region from the Lop desert eastward to
Su-chou. map sheets 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43 - Abdal is at the lower left - then the two routes east, one in the desert
and the other in the foothills of the Nan-shan are shown. Stein's two routes
north east - one from An-hsi and one from Mao-mei are shown. The routes Stein
and Lal Singh took across the Lop sea from Lou lan to the caravan route between
Miran and Tun-huang are shown. During the second expedition he stayed south of
the eastern end of the Tien shan while on the third expedition he went north of
the range to Barkul and Guchen.
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Detail of the map index
for Innermostasia showing the area around Lou-lan in the Lop desert. -
map sheets 25, 26 ,29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36 - At the south-west are the routes
from Charchan to Charkhlik and then to Abdal and Miran. North of Abdal are the
routes to Lou-lan and along the Tarim river. From Lou-lan east are the routes
Stein and Lal Singh took across the salt sea (map 32) to rejoin the caravan
route toward Tun-huang.
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Detail from the map
index for Innermostasia - map sheets 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
46 - this shows the furtherest east area that Stein reached - at Kan-chou and
Khara-kora - It shows the multiple routes east from Tun-huang and An-hsi along
the Su-lo-Ho and through the Nan-shan mountains. The Mao-mei oasis is directly
north of Kan-chou on the Etsin-gol. From Mao-mei Stein went directly across the
Pin-shan mountains to Bai. (maps 42, 40, 37)
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Detail of the index map
for Innermostasia - maps 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, - this shows the western side of the Taklamakan and Stein's
route north, south, and across it. It shows his multiple efforts into the
Kun-lun mountains on the south and is several routes from India to Kashgar -
toward the center is the short red line eastward from Marl-bashi that indicates
his aborted effort to cross directly to Mazar-tagh on the Khotan
river.
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Detail of the western
side of the index map for Innermostasia - maps 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 -
this shows the Taklamakan between the Kun-lun range and the T'ien-shan range.
The several routes around Kashgar, and those in the Kun-lun south of Khotan and
Keriya are there. Stein's trek south from Shayhar to find and move along the
Keriya river shows as does his trek north from Khotan to Ak-su along the Khotan
river.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 - this shows Stein's
routes from India to Kashgar from the Wakhjir and Ming-taka Passes through
Tash-kurghan and around Muz-tagh-ata mountain. It shows his routes through
Yarkand and Karghalik to Kok-yar and Guma toward Khotan. Also shown are the
routes north east to Maral-bashi and toward Ak-su.
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Detail of the index map
for Innermostasia - map sheets 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 ,15, 18, 19, 22, 23 -
this shows Stein's several attempts to move south from Khotan that were blocked
by glaciers near Mus-tagh and Yangi-dawan - then his later route east toward
Keriay at Nura and then south through Baba-Hatim Pass up the Keriya river to
Lake Lighten and then back west across the high plateau and passes - Finally,
after suffering frost-bite he was carried over the Kara-korum pass back to
Kashmir. The ruins at Mazar-tagh, Niya, Kara-dong, Endere and Dandan-uiliq are
shown.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13 - this shows the
western Taklamakan with the Yarkand- Kashgar rivers to the west, the Khotan
river near the center and the Keriya river on the east, all flowing northto the
Tarim river (except the Keriya River dies out in the sand. There is a short red
line south-east from Karal-bashi showing Stein's aborted effort to move
directly across the desert to Mazar-tagh fort on the Khotan river. He was
forced back by high sand dunes and instead followed the Yarkand river
north-east to the confluence of Khotan, Ak-su and Tarim Rivers before turning
south to Mazar-tagh. From Tawakkel he crossed desert to Dandan-Uiliq.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets 17, 21, 25 - this shows the northern
side of the Taklamakan and oases south of the T'ien-shan. The Tarim River flows
from west to east with its tributaries. The important oases of Kucha, Korla,
and Bugur are here. At Kara-shahr was the ancient capital ruin that Stein
excavated.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets 12, 13 ,14, 17, 18, 19 - this shows
Stein's two routes directly across the Taklamakan desert - from Shahyar south
to find the Keriya river and continue to Kara-dong - and from Aksu south to
Khotan and later north from Khotan back along the Khotan river to Ak-su passing
Mazar-tagh both times. The ruins at Dandan-uiliq, Niya, and Endere also are
indicated.
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Detail of the map index
in Innermostasia - map sheets 9, 14, 19, 23 - this shows the area
between Khotan and Charchan included in maps 14, 19 and 23 with ruins at
Dandan-oiliq, Niya and Endere
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Detail of the map index
in Innermostasia - this shows the northern area with maps 20,21, 24, 25,
28, 29, 31, 32, 34, and 35 From Yangi-hissar to Barkul and Hami
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Detail of the map index
in Innermostasia - shows parts of maps 21, 25, 26, 29, 30,32, 33, 35,
and 36 with the area from Charkhlik and Kara-kum east past Singer and Abdal to
Bash-toghrak
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Detail of the map index
in Innermostasia - shows parts of map sheets 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 the
area from the foothills of the Kun-lun on the south to Barkol in the T'ien Shan
on the north.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets from 20 to 42 - this shows the
eastern half of the full map except for the appendage to the northeast toward
Khara-khoto . The red lines show Stein's and Lal Singh's multiple routes in the
Nan-shan and around the Lop desert and around the Turfan depression.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 - this shows
the area from the Nan-shan mountains north past An-hsi and Mao-mei to show by
red lines Stein's two routes northeast - during the Second expedition from
An-hsi and during the Third expedition from Mao-mei.
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Detail of the index map
for Innermostasia- map sheets 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39 - showing the area
around Tun-huang and An-hsi. At An-hsi the red line northward is Stein's route
to Hami and the modern highway. The two red lines at the left edge are Stein's
and Lal Singh's routes across the Lop salt sea to the caravan route near
Kum-toghrak. Sections of the Han wall show along the south bank of the Su-lo Ho
west of An-hsi.
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Detail of index map
for Innermostasia - map sheets 31 to 47- this shows the entire eastern
half of the region from the Lop desert and Tien-shan south of Guchen eastward
to the Nan-shan mountains and Kan-chou river. The location of Kara-khoto can be
seen in relation to the rest of the areas visited by Stein and Lal Singh.
Tun-huang with its 'cave of the thousand Buddhas' is in the center. Sections of
the Han wall are shown from slightly northwest of Tun-huang eastward to
Mao-mei. It is located along the left (south) bank of the Su-lo-Ho as far as
An-hsi and then along the right (north) bank and further east across
desert.
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Detail from the index
map for Innermostasia - map sheets 40, 42, 45, 47 - this shows the
Etsin-gol flowing northeast from Mao-mei past Khara-khoto to terminal lakes
near the border with Mongolia. It shows sections of the Han wall west of
Mao-mei and north of Yu-men-hsien. Stein was unable to visit the area between
these sections. It shows ruined forts at Mao-mei, Chin-t'a and Yu-men-hsien and
Stein's routes between these locations.
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Detail of index map for
Innermostasia - map sheets 40 , 41, 42, 43, 46 - shows the easternmost
area surveyed by Stein and Lal Singh - This includes the four successive high
ranges of the eastern Nan-shan - Richthoven - To-lai-shan - Alexander III and
Suess - all of course renamed by Chinese now. We see the headwaters of the
Su-lo-Ho flowing northwest to near Yum-en-hsien where it turns to flow west
into the Lop desert; and the Kan-chou flowing southeast before turning outside
the mountains 180 degrees back northwest to where it joins the Pei-ta to form
the Etsin-gol at Mao-mai and flow north into the desert. Kan-chou and Su-chou
also appear. Stein's routes show as red lines. Sections of the Han wall show as
red with small points.
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Detail of map 1 in
Innermostasia- shows the southeast corner of the map sheet. the
rectangle from 75 to 78 E longitude and from 40 to 40-50' north latitude
south
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Detail of map 1 in
Innermostasia- shows rectangle from 75 to 78 E longitude and south from 40 to
40-50' north latitude - two of Stein's routes through Sarikol toward
Kashmir
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Detail of map 1 in
Innermostasia - shows rectangle from 75 to 78 E longitude aned from 40
to 40-50' north latitude
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Detail of map 1 in
Innermostasia - this shows the northwestern area Lal Singh surveyed
between Kashgar and the Russian border in the Pamirs to the Turug-art
dawan
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - part west of Kashgar - shows Kashgar and its cultivated
oasis and the two routes Stein took from the west when approaching - shows
section of route north. - Task-makik is town jus south west of Kashgar
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows the south-east corner of the map with the area
east of Muztagh-ata to Chilib-gumbaz - shows Stein's route on first epedition
in which he tried to climb Muztagh-ata on northwest slope and his route in 2nd
and 3rd expeditions north on east side of the mountain
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - Kashgar- Muztagh-ata - part west of Kashgar - shows
Kashgar and its cultivated oasis and the two routes Stein took from the west
when approaching - shows section of route north. - Task-makik is town just
south west of Kashgar
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - a close up of Muztagh-ata mountain - shows Stein's route up
the northwest slope as he tried to reach the summit - he made it to 20,000
feet.
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia- shows the far south-east corner of the map sheet - the
area around Chihil-gumbaz with Stein's routes north and east.
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - showing Muztagh -ata mountain and region around it -with
Stein's routes west and east of the mountain range - His route when he
attempted to reach the summit shows in the north-west side.
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's routes through Sarikol
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows the north-east corner of the map sheet with
Kashgar and Stein's routes to it and Lal Singh's survey into the Pamirs north
of the city.
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows detail of the western side of the Kashgar oasis
and Tash-malik with fort
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows a larger section of the south-east quadrant
including Chihil-gumbaz and Muztagh-ata
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows the area from Kashgar west into the
Pamirs
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows the Kashgar oasis west and south to
Tash-malik
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows the survey routes Lal Singh made west of Kashgar
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia- shows most of the eastern edge of the map sheet with Kashgar
oasis and the routes leading north and south
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows Lal Singh's surveys west of Kashgar into the
Pamirs
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia- shows Kashgar oasis and Lal Singh's survey routes west
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Detail of map 2 in
Innermostasia - shows the southern part of the eastern map sheet edge from
Kashgar south
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Detail of Map 2 showing
Muztagh-ata with Stein's routes around it - his attempt to climb is on the
north-west face. Little Kara-kol lake at which he camped and made photos is
north of the mountain.
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A section of Map 2 -
from 74 to 76 E longitude and from 38 to 39 10' north latitude - It shows
Muztagh-ata mountain and Stein's routes during his three expeditions
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Detail of map 2 showing
area west of Kashgar and south-west of Tash-malik with Stein's several routes
to the city. Note thezig-zag nature of his route along the Yurunsgar river
where he had to leave the river due to the steep walls either side and hike
over various ranges through passes east of the river, while always trying to
return to it. Note the similar situation to the far west where he had to go up
and down ridges by the Ulugh-art dawan (pass).
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A larger detail of Map 2
showing the entire region from south-east of Muztagh-ata to Tash-malik with
Stein's routes on the three expeditions.
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A detail of Map 2
showing the regionfrom south-east of Muztagh-ata to Tash-malik with Stein's
routes
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Detail of
Innermostasia map 3 - Shows Sarikol from Daidar in the south to
Tash-kurgan (the capital) in the north and then the bend of the Tash-kurgan
river east past Baldir into the Tarim. Shows Stein's and Lal Singh's survey
routes - shows several ruined forts
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Detail of map 3 of
Innermostasia - the northeast corner of the map sheet - shows the northern part
of Sarikol between Tash-kurgan and the exit of the Tash-kurgan river from the
mountains - shows Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes
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Detail of map 3 of
Innermostasia - shows the southern part of Sarikol with the Tash-kurgan
river flowing first east, then north - shows the Ming-taka and Wakhjur Passes
over which Stein traveled in two expeditions. Shows the ruined fort at
Kiz-kurghan.
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Detail of map 3 of
Innermostasia - shows the entire Sarikol
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Detail of map 3 for
Innermostasia - shows the Tagh-dumbash range and Sarikol valley of the
Tash-kurghan River -shows Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes
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More detailed view of a
section of map 3 for Innermostasia - shows the bend in the Tash-Kurgan river
near the Kiz-kurghan fort ruin - shows Stein's and Lal Singh's survey
routes
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Greater detail of a
section of map 3 for Innermostasia - this shows the section of the
Tash-kurgan River flowing east out of the Sarikol into the Tarim basin with
Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes.
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Detail of map 4 for
Innermostasia- shows the area around Chong-kara-jol and Ai-dobe along the
northern edge of the Tarim with Lal Singh's survey routes
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More detail of map 4
for Innermostasia- shows Lal Singh's survey north-east into the
mountains from Yai-dobe
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Detail of map 4 in
Innermostasia - shows the eastern edge of the map with Stein's route to the
Taushkan River
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More detail of map 4 for
Innermostasia - shows the oasis between Chong-kara-jol and Yai-dobe in
the foothills of the Tien-shan mountains.
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Detail from map 5 for
Innermostasia - shows the oasis area around Yarkand and the Yarkand and
Tiznaf Rivers flowing north into the desert - shows Lal Singh's survey route
from the west through Yaka-arik and Stein's routes south on both sides of the
rivers - shows Yangi-shahr fort next to Yarkand.
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia - this shows the most of the western half of the map sheet
- south of Kashgar to Yarkand
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Detail of map 5 from
Innermostasia - the eastern edge of the map sheet - this shows the
Yarkand river flowing north from Yarkand town along the western edge of the
Taklamakan almost to its confluence with the Ak-su and Kashgar rivers. It shows
Stein's multiple routes through this area.
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Detail of the north-west
corner of map 5 for Innermostasia - shows the area north of Kashgar into
the T'ien-shan mostly surveyed by Lal Singh.
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Detail of map 5 of
Innermostasia - shows the area east from Yangh-hissar fort into the
desert with Stein's route from Kashgar through Ordam-Padshah-mazar to
Kizil-bazar and his return routes through Yanagi-hissar.
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia -shows Kizil-bazar and the series of oases along the main
route northwest of it toward Kashgar.
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia -shows the Kashgar oasis area
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia - shows the mountains south of Yarkand - on the left is
the main route south to the Karakorum pass - coming from the right (east) is
Stein's route during the second expedition through the Kun-lun
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia showing Stein's route from Kashgar to Kizil-bazar through
Ordan-Padshah-mazar and Achchik-bazar
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia - centered on the triangle between Yangi-hissar,
Kizil-bazar and Ordam-Padshah-mazar
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Detail of the southern
part of map 5 for Innermostasia showing Lal Singh's survey route
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Detail of the north-west
corner of map 5 for Innermostasia- shows the area north of Kashgar into
the T'ien-shan mostly surveyed by Lal Singh.
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Detail of map 5 of
Innermostasia - shows the area east from Yangh-hissar fort into the
desert with Stein's route from Kashgar through Ordam-Padshah-mazar to
Kizil-bazar and his return routes through Yanagi-hissar.
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia -shows Kizil-bazar and the series of oases along the main
route northwest of it toward Kashgar.
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia -shows the Kashgar oasis area
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia - shows the mountains south of Yarkand - on the left is
the main route south to the Karakorum pass - coming from the right (east) is
Stein's route during the second expedition through the Kun-lun
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasiashowing Stein's route from Kashgar to Kizil-bazar through
Ordan-Padshah-mazar and Achchik-bazar
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia - centered on the triangle between Yangi-hissar,
Kizil-bazar and Ordam-Padshah-mazar
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Detail of the southern
part of map 5 for Innermostasia showing Lal Singh's survey route east
through the Kun lun
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia- showing the mountains south of Yarkand with Lal Singh's
survey routes
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia showing routes east from Kashgar in the northern part of the
Taklamakan and foothills of the T'ien-shan - note the many ruined watch towers
along the main caravan route
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Detail of map 5 of
Innermostasia - shows the Yarkand river flowing north-east along the edge
of the desert -two of Stein's routes followed the river one to the north and
the other to the south.
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia - shows the Yarkand River flowing north pastAbad along the
desert east of Kashgar with the dying Tiznaf River parallel to the east
-several of Stein's routes crossed this area
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Detail of map 5 for
Innermostasia -shows the eastern part of the Yarkand oasis with the
Zarafshan (Yarkand) river and the Tiznaf River flowing north
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - shows an area south of Karghalik and north of Kok-yar with
Stein's route between those towns.
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - shows the area around the Karghalik oasis
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia-shows Kok-yar and the routes south toward the Karakorum
pass
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - shows Kok-yar (where Stein spent a month editing) and the
routes east toward Khotan
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - this is a very small area in the north-west corner - a
kind of spill over from the adjacent map sheet but it shows the Tash-kurgan
River flowing out of Sarikol
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - shows Kok-yar and the area to the south with caravan route
toward the Karakorum pass. -shows upper reach of the Tiznaf-darya
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Detail of part of map 6
for Innermostasia- shows the area south of Kok-yar and the Tiznaf-River
flowing north - Shows part of the caravan route to the Karakorum Pass.
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Detail of part of map 6
for Innermostasia - on the left - west - is the caravan route to the
Karakorum pass -on the right part of the Kun-lun explored by Stein - note the
small piece of his route in the extreme south-east corner as well as the route
across the center. Typically the center is blank because neither Stein nor Lal
Singh personally surveyed that area.
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - this continues the caravan route south to the Karakorum
Pass - note that it crosses the Yarkand river high in the mountains where the
river is still flowing west
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - shows the route to the Karakorum where it crosses the
Yarkand River
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Detail of map 6 for
Innermostasia - shows both the caravan route crossing the Yarkand river
and to the east part of the Kun-lun where Stein was exploring.
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia - the southern edge of the map sheet - The south-west corner
of the map shows the routes to Kelpin valley and the route from Marl-bashi
toward Ak-su. Part of the course of the Yarkand River is in the south-east
corner.
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia -shows the Kelpin oasis in its narrow valley
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia-shows the entire northern region from Kelpin to the Turfan
area and Ak-su - The Tushkan river flows east along the base of the T'ien-shan
to meet the Ak-su river flowing south into the Tarim river.
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia -shows Ak-su and the area south along the Ak-su
river
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia - shows the Turfan oasis area
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia- shows sthe Tushkan river through the Turfan oasis and on
east to confluence with the Ak-su River at Ak-su town - old and new Ak-su are
shown
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Detail of mpap 7 for
Innermostasia -shows theTurfan oasis and Ak-su oasis and area between them.
A few watchtowers are shown.
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia - shows in great detail the Turfan oasis and rivers with a
few watch towers also.
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Detail of map 7 for
Innermostasia - shows in detail the Ak-su oasis and its extension
southward along the Ak-su River
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Detail of map 8 for
Innermostasia - shows the north west quarter of the map with the area
around Marl-bashi and eastward - northeast along the Kashgar and Yarkand rivers
and southeast showing Stein's aborted effort to strike directly across the
desert to Mazar-tagh - he had to turn back due to the huge sand
ridges.
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Detail of map 8 for
Innermostasia- this shows in more detail the Maral-bashi oasis and
surrounding cultivated areas along the Yarkand and Kashgar Rivers. Note a few
watch towers along the caravan routes.
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Detail of map 8 for
Innermostasia - shows Stein's route into the desert south east of the
Yarkand River from which he was forced to return due to high sand
dunes.
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Detail of map 8 for
Innermostasia - great detail of the Marl-bashi oasis. The town has walls
and there are watch towers along the caravan route to Char-bagh-bazar
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Detail of map 9 for
Innermostasia - shows the western half of the map - the area from the
Kun-lun on the south to the caravan route along the south side of the
Taklamakan on the north.
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Detail of map 9 for
Innermostasia - shows the eastern half of the map sheet from the Kun-lun
mountains to the edge of the Taklamakan with the Khotan oasis
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - the eastern side of this map sheet - Shows the Khotan
oasis and Stein's route south into the Kun-Lun
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Detail of map 9 for
Innermostasia - shows part of the western side of the map sheet - the
Guma-bazar oasis and caravan route along the Taklamakan plus the foothills of
the Kun-lun mountains.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasis - shows the western side of the map sheet with area south
of Guma bazar and the caravan route along the desert far into the Kun-lun with
Stein's routes through the mountains
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Detail of map 9 for
Innermostasia- shows the Kun-lun mountains south of Guma-bazar with
Stein's routes - The crossroad at Shadula-bazar is in southwest
corner.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows the western side of the Khotan oasis
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows the south-east quarter of the map sheet in the
Kun-lun mounains- shows Stein's initial two efforts to penetrate into the
Kun-lun - both unsuccessful - and his return to Khotan via Nissa
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows Shahidulia -mazar and Stein's routes to it on his
way back to India during his second expedition.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's routes south east of Shahidulia mazar -
note southeast corner -
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's routes in the Kun-lun along the Kilian
river and elsewhere
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows Guma-bazar on the edge of the Taklamakan and the
caravan routes from Kashgar on the west and to Khotan to the east and Stein's
route south along the Kilian River.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's two attempts to penetrate the Kun-lun
blocked just south east of Kushtash-langar - Karanghu-tagh, south of Omsha and
his return route through Nissa to Khotan. The red lines are established routes
(tracks) Stein's personal routes are the black x's
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's route through Nissa and over Brinjak-dawan
back to Khotan. His camp C 53 was close below the summit of the pass.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows western part of Khotan oasis with caravan route that
Stein followed - The Kum-rabat-Padshahim-mazar (Pidgeon shrine) is where
travelers including Stein left a donation to support the 'holy'
pidgeons.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows area south-west of Khotan and Stein's routes south
toward the Kun-lun and back. Note the height of the Ulugh-art- dawan (pass) at
9891 feet and the ridges over 7,000 feet so close to Khotan. The strip of land
between the mountains and desert is very narrow.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows the northeast section of the Khotan oasis and
areas along the Yurung-kash and Kara-kash Rivers and Kara-sai-bazar are shown.
This last has a small irrigated area where the small stream ends in the
desert.
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows most of the Khotan oasis with the rivers flowing
through
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows the main part of Khotan oasis - also to the south
the ruins at Gosringa and Chalma-Kazan and relic field at Tati - note the
mazars (shrines of Moslem saints).
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia -shows western side of Khotan oasis
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - shows the caravan route between Moji and Pialma to
Khotan along the southern edge of the Taklamakan and the foothill of the
Kun-lun directly south - shows the narrow strip of cultivated area between
these in the few oasis fed by underground springs and drying rivers.
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Detail of map 9
inInnermostasia - shows the area in the center of the map sheet south of
Pialma into the Kun-lun around Duwa-bazar
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia -this is detailed look at the Khotan oasis and areas west
to Pialma and north along theYangi darya and Yurung-kash |
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Detail of map 9 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area west of Khotan around Guma bazar and
the foothills of the Kun-lun
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia - this shows the northern half of the map sheet - but the
southern half is blank - this is the southernmost parts of Stein's explorations
during the second trip - on the far west is a segment of the caravan route to
the Karakorum pass over which he was carried to Kashmir. On the eastern side is
part of his route west through the mountains and plateaus -this sheet is an
extension of map 9.
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia - this shows the caravan route to the Karakorum Pass over
which Stein returned to Kashmir on his second expedition
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia - shows the eastern part of the map sheet with Stein's
routes moving westward through the Kun-lun during his second
expedition.
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia - shows two of the main ridges of the Kun-lun with Stein's
route west south of them
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia - shows detail of the caravan route to the Karakorum
Pass
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia- this is the route to the Karakorum Pass that Lal Singh
surveyed while leading the caravan loaded with artifacts back to India
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Detail of map 10 in
Innermostasia - this is the eastern side of the map - an area of the
Kun-lun through which Stein and Lal Singh surveyed during the second
expedition.
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Detail of map 11
inInnermostasia - this shows the far northern part of Stein's and Lal
Singh's explorations with the latter's survey up the Muz-art River into the
T'ien Shan as far as he could go before being blocked by deep snow. The
remainder of this map sheet to the north is blank. To the south is extends the
survey in map 12.
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Detail of map 12 for
Innermostasia - shows the western side of the map - this is directly south
of map sheet 11 which extends the survey in the upper center of this
map
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Detail of map 12 for
Innermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map sheet along the oases
south of the T'ien Shan mtns.
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Detail of map 12 for
Innermostasia - shows the Karghan oasis
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Detail of map 12 for
Innermostasia - shows the north-east corner of the map sheet
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Detail of map 12 for
Innermostasia - shows the north-east corner of the map sheet with
Urf-bash-bazar and Bai, The Muz-art River flows south east out of the T'ien
shan and then east.
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Detail of map 12 for
Innermostasia - shows Tumen oasis and Kara-yulghum in foothill of T'ien
Shan mtns.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia- shows the Khotan and Yarkand rivers confluence north-west
of the Taklamakan desert and then flowing east as the Tarim river.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - shows the Yarkand and Ak-su Rivers confluence into Tarim
river and then the Khotan river joining.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia- shows the Tarim River flowing east between the Taklamakan
and the T'ien Shan.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - shows the Tumen oasis and Kara-yulghum in the foothills of
the T'ien Shan mtns
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia- shows the Bai oasis and the ruin of Buddhist cave temples
at Ming-oi in cliffs south of Muz-art river.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - shows Kara Bagh oasis area and Kok-yar next to the
Muz-art river and Kurghan ruin fort in foothills of T'ien Shan mtns. The oasis
is sustained by the small flow from streams out of the hills.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map sheet in the T'ien
Shan with oases in the foothills - from longitude 80 to 82 E.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia -this shows the Khotan river as it reaches the Yarkand river
and Tarim river north of the Taklamakan
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia -this shows the Khotan river joining the Yarkand and Ak-su
rivers to become the Tarim River that flows east along the north edge of the
Taklamkan.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia -this shows the Tumen oasis and small rivers flowing south
out of the T'ien Shan
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area northeast of Tumen to Kolyar and
Tupluk oasis with the Muz-art river flowing south from the mountains.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - this shows most of the northern part of the map sheet
from Kokyar to Bai with sections of the Muz-art River that Stein or Lal Singh
surveyed.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia -shows the entire western edge of the map from latitude 40 to
42 N.
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Detail of map 12 in
Innermostasia - shows the north-west corner of the map
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Detail of map 13 in
Innermostasia - shows the entire map sheet with the Keriya and Khotan
rivers flowing north across the Taklamakan - this is a sample of how large each
map sheet is, which makes the resolution too small to read. Here I am trying to
show the relationship between the two rivers and place the more detailed
section maps into context.
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Detail of map 13 in
Innermostasia -shows the Keriya River flowing north through desert -
Stein surveyed only the area of his routes along the river - areas east and
west were desolate sand dunes. This section includes the ruin at
Kara-dong
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Detail of map 13 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Khotan River north of the confluence of
Kara-kash and Yurung-kash rivers north of Khotan to the ruin Tibettan fort at
Mazar-tagh hill.
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Detail of map 13 in
Innermostasia - shows the Khotan River flowing north near its end at the
Tarim river - this is the extension north of the previous map detail
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Detail of map 13
inInnermostasia - this is the northwest corner of the map - north of the
Yarkand river to the foothills of the T'ien Shan
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - shows the south-western side of the map sheet from the
Kun-lun mountains north through Khotan into the Taklamakan desert.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - shows the eastern side of the map sheet from the Kun-lun
mtns into the desert with the Keryia river
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasis - shows the southern edge of the map sheet in the Kun-lun
mountains with Stein's routes and the few valley oases in the higher
elevations.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - shows the central section -west to east -of the map
sheet with the belt of oases from Khotan to Keriya and many of Stein's
excavation sites in between such as Khadalik and Old Domoko.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - shows the area north east of Keriya with the many sites
Stein excavated around Khadalik and Old Domoko
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia-shows the area between Khotan and Chira and from the
foothills of Kun-lun into the Taklamakan with some of Stein's major excavations
including Rawak Stupa, and Old Domoko
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia showing area between the Kara-kash and Yurung-kash rivers
flowing north and the desert eastward to Dandan-oilik ruin with Stein's route
between them. The color turned out too red
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia showing Dandan-oilik ruin and Stein's route east to the
Keriya River
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasiashowing the area around Gulakhma-bazar, Khadalik and Old
Domoko with many ruins that Stein excavated. - The color is too red.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - showing the area north of Rawak Stupa along the
Kara-kash and Yurung-kash rivers
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Detail of
map 14 in Innermostasia - showing the area north west of Khotan
(Sampula-bazar) to Rawak Stupa and then the Yurung-kash River with many of the
smaller ruins that Stein found.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia shows the area between Yurung-kash bazar and Rawak Stupa - in
more detail with many smaller ruins Stein found.
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Detail from map 14 in
Innermostasia- shows a part of the Khan-ilese range and the oases around
Pisha and Buya with Stein's routes through the mountains.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - shows the Kun-lun range south of Sampula bazar to
Buya.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - very detailed view of the area around Gulakhma bazar -
Domoko-bazar, Chira bazar and north to Khadalik and Old Domoko with many of the
ruins Stein found. He spent much time in this area not only looking for ancient
sites but also studying the irrigation procedures needed to cope with the ever
changing shifts of the river chanels.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - Shows a part of the Keriya river flowing north through
the Taklamakan and Stein's route south.
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - shows the Keriya river flowing just north of Keriya
oasis
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - this is very detailed view of the Keriya oasis and adjacent
area
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Detail of map 14 in
Innermostasia - a shows part of the Kun-lun mountains south of Polur and
Stein's routes
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Detail of map 15 in
Innermostasia- shows the northern edge of the map sheet - the area to the
south is blank - it shows Stein's routes during his second expedition around
and the behind the main ridges of the Kun-lun - past Lake Lighten and across
the high plateau
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Detail of map 15 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's route south around the highest part of the
Kun-lun during the second expedition when he was searching for the headwater of
the Kurung-kash river and also the Keriya River. He found that the Keriya river
sources were relatively due south of the river's route into the Taklamakan but
the sources of the Kurung-kash were surprisingly far east of its exit from the
mountains south of Khotan.
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Detail of map 15 in
Innermostasia - this is very detailed view of the mountains around Lake
Lighten and Stein's route going west past the lake.
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Detail of map 15 in
Innermostasia - this shows a detail of the Kun-lun mountains and Stein's
route blocked by an impassable gorge, which he bypassed over a 16,000 foot
pass. In the Zalik gorge, surprisingly, there were gold miners scratching out
meager results from ancient gold fields.
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Detail of map 15 in
Innermostasia- this is more detail of Stein's route past Lake
Lighten
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Detail of map 16 in
Innermostasia - this shows the southern edge of the map sheet - the rest
if blank - this is the area around the Kere-bazar in the foothills of the T'ien
Shan on the northern limits of Stein's and Lal Singh's surveys. This is the
northern extension of map sheet 17.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - this shows the northern edge of the map sheet - in it is
the Kucha oasis in the foothills of the T'ien Shan mtns, and routes east, west
and south - the color came out too red - Map sheet 16 contains an extension of
the mountain in the center of this northern edge.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - shows the Kucha oasis beside the Muz-art River and area
south to Shahyar, Stein's departure point for crossing the Taklamakan. His many
survey routes around the oasis are indicated. Note Kucha is shown as a walled
town and there are watch towers and small forts shown along the caravan
routes.
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Detail on map 17 in
Innermostasia -shows the several rivers that comprise the Tarim river
system flowing east (Inchike-darya - Ockan-darya - Ugen-darya) and Shahyar
oasis on the Shahyar river. Several small walled villages or forts are
indicated.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - this shows the south-west corner of the map sheet. Here
is Stein's start south into the Taklamakan from the Tarim River in search of
the end of the Keriya river - a very precarious undertaking.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area between Kucha and Shahyar and the Tarim
river flowing east. Toward the bottom edge is the beginning of Stein's route
into the Taklamakan.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area north-west of Kucha and the Muz-art
River flowing south out of the T'ien Shan.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area east of Kucha and Stein's many
survey routes through it.
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Detail of map 17 in
Innermostasia - this shows detail of the area south-east of Kucha and east
of Shahyar village with the Muz-art and Shahyar rivers flowing south-east.
Several watch towers and small forts are shown. Shahyar was the last village
for Stein before entering the Taklamakan and the place he hired very reluctant
locals to work for this phase of his travel.
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Detail of map 18 in
Innermostasia - this is a small extension north from the next sheet
south and shows a portion of the Niya ruined village.
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Detail of map 18 in
Innermostasia- this is along the western border of the map sheet. It shows
part of the Keriya River flowing north through the Taklamakan
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Detail of map 18 in
Innermostasia - this shows another section of the Keriya River flowing
north. This view overlaps the previous one.
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Detail of map 18
inInnermostasia - this shows Stein's route south searching for the end
of the Keriya River between Shahyar and the river's end.
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Detail from map 18 in
Innermostasia - here Stein has about reached the end of the Keriya river
- The trek was in winter, so the first sight of the river was the reflection
off the ice in the distance.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this is the Kun lun mountains around Surghak with
Stein's route east to west
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Endere River and the ancient ruins Stein
excavated there and his route across the desert.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows Stein's route across the desert south of
Yar-tungaz-tarim toward Endere.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area between Niya-bazar - Niya ruin and
Endere with Stein's route across the desert between these.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the route north from Niya to
Iman-Jafar-sadak-mazar and on to the Ruin of ancient Niya - one of Stein's most
famous early excavations. The northern part of the Niya ruin is on map
18.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the entire area between Niya ancient site and
Endere ruin with Stein's routes between them. The three rivers flow north from
the Kun-lun and then disappear into the desert.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - shows Las Singh's route through the Kun-lun south of
Niya
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia- this shows part of Lal Singh's survey eastward in the
foothills of the Kun lun. Note the many small rivers that are flowing north
from the mountains into the desert - none of them goes very far
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the end of the river and canal north of
Niya-bazar
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area between Iman-Jafar-Sadak- mazar and
the Niya ruin that Stein excavated during two expeditions. The northern part of
the ruin is on map 18.
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - this shows the various sites Stein found around
Endere
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Detail of map 19 in
Innermostasia - shows the Endere ruin location
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Detail of map 20 in
Innermostasia - this is the southern edge of the map sheet and shows the
limit of Stein's and Lal Singh's survey north into the T'ien Shan - the
Kars-sharh River is presumed to flow in the nearby valley. The remainder of the
map sheet is blank.
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia- this is south of map 20. It shows the Yangi-hissar oasis in
the foothill of the T'ien Shan and the caravan route east to west, plus the
Kizil River flowing south into the desert. The photo color turned out too
red.
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Yangi-hissar oasis and Bugur oasis and area
around them.
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - a detail of the caravan route east of Yangi-hissar
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this is the northeast corner of the map sheet - It shows
the Korla oasis and small cultivated areas near it with the caravan route from
the west at Yanghi-hissar
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Korla oasis in greater detail
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Tarim and other related rivers flowing
eastward in the northern edge of the Taklamakan
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area north east of the Inchike-darya and
south west of Korla and Stein's routes
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the larger area of the north half of the map sheet
from the rivers to the T'ien Shan foothills and from Korla west to Yanghi
-hissar
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the northern half of the map from west of
Yangi-hissar to Korla along the foothills of the T'ien-Shan
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Korla oasis
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia -this shows the Yangi-hissar and Bugur-bazar oases and the
Kizil River
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Yarkand River and several smaller streams
with swamps south of Yangi-hissar on the northern edge of the
Taklamakan
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia- this shows part of the Kichike darya and Konche darya
flowing east - south of Korla
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Korla oasis and walled town with the
Konche-darya flowing south out of the T'ien Shan
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Detail of map 21 in
Innermostasia-this is the northern half of the map sheet with the
caravan route along the foothills of the T'ien Shan through Korla and
Yangi-hissar
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Detail of map 22 in
Innermostasia -this shows the area north-east of Charchan-bazar along
the Charchan River
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Detail of map 22 in
Innermostasia - this is detailed view of the Charchan-bazar
oasis
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Detail of map 22 in
Innermostasia - this is the south-east corner of the map sheet with
Charchan, and the Charchan river. The remainder of this map sheet is blank in
unexplored desert
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Detail of map 23 in
Innermostasia - this is the northern side of this map sheet - this shows
a large area between the foothill of the Kun lun and the Taklamakan - on the
south is Lal Singh's survey route through Bostan and east toward Charchan and
Tun-huang - on the north is Stein's route along the edge of the desert from
Endere toward Charchan - Only the Charchan river manages to reach the desert
and then turn east
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Detail of map 23 in
Innermostasia - this shows a part of the Kun-lun with Lal Singh's survey
through Bostan and Konche-bulak. This map is south of map 22.
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Detail of map 23
inInnermostasia - this is in foothills of the Kun lun - Kapa was famous
gold mining area.
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Detail of map 23
inInnermostasia - this is in foothill of Kun lun with Lal Singh's survey
past Bostan and Konche-bulak
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Detail of map 23
inInnermostasia - shows the mountain chain around Achang and
Kapa
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Detail of map 23 in
Innermostasia - shows Lal Singh's survey route from Konche-bulak east
and north east toward Charchan - the numerous rivers all die out as they reach
the desert or before.
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Detail of map 23 in
Innermostasia - this is more detail of Stein's route along the edge of
the desert toward Charchan on map 22.
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Detail of map 23 in
Innermostasia - this is the south-east corner of the sheet showing the
Charchan river flowing out of the Kun-lun mtns.
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Detail of map 24 in
Innermostasia - shows the Kara-shahr ruin and Kara-shahr river that
provided irrigation flowing through the T'ien Shan
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Detail of map 24
inInnermostasia - this is the southern edge of the map sheet but all the
northern part is blank - It shows the northern limit of Stein's routes along
the eastern end of the T'ien Shan east of Kara-shahr ruin - The town was the
capital of early medieval nomad kingdom due to its loction on the river and in
a relatively low break in the mountain range enabling easier passages
south.
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Detail of map 24 in
Innermostasia - this is a detailed view of the Kara-shahr oasis and ruined
ancient palace area
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - this shows the mountains north west of Shindi and west of
Singer (on the adjacent map) - note the watch towers along the caravan
route
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - this detail is of the mountains around the Elisen-dawan
west of Singer.
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - this detail is of the routes that converge at Shindi - west of
Singer.
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows part of Stein's route with watch towers along the
foothill of the Karak-tagh.
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows Tikenlik oasis and part of the Yarkand-darya and
the Ying-p'an ruin site
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows detail of the Ying-p'an ruin site
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's route near the Yarkand-darya and Konche-darya
from Yangki-su to Tikenlik with fort at Doral
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's route along the Tarim and Yarkand-darya
through Yangi-su and Tikenlik
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's routtes along Yarkand-darya and Konche-darya
through Kara-kum (Yangi-shahr) and along the foothills of the
Karak-tagh
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows part of the Konche-darya north of the Kuruk - tagh
and Stein's routes
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia -shows part of the Konche-darya and Inchike-darya around
Kara-kum (Yangi-shahr) - shows that Stein omits areas not surveyed, such as
part of the Konche-darya here.
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows a large part of the map sheet from Tikenlik north
and west along the Yarkand-darya and Konche-darya to Kara-kum and into the
Kuruk-tagh mountains
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Detail of map 25
inInnermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map sheet with the
Kuruk-tagh mountains and the Konche-darya and Yarkand-darya rivers
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Detail of map 25 in
Innermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map - north of the
Kuruk-tagh - shows the Ming-oi site north of Shorchuk and Kara-kum.
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia - shows the southern edge of the map sheet with foothills of
Kun-lun - the Charchan river and the ruin Stein found at Vash-shahri
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia- shows the foothills of the Kun-lun and area around
Vash-sharhi with many streams from the mountains disappearing into the
desert.
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia - shows the Charchan river flowing north-east and Stein's
route beside it.The locations of three camp sites gives an idea of the length
of his trek.
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia - shows the Charchan river flowing north-east
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Charchan river flowing northeast between
Charchan and Charkhlik - Lal Singh's survey route is across the southern
edge
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia - shows Stein's route toward Charchan.
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Detail from map 26 in
Innermostasia - shows part of the Charchan river above
Lashkar-satmi
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Detail of map 26 in
Innermostasia - shows the south-east corner of the map - The Charchan river
flows north east - the foothills of the eastern end of the Kun-lun stretch
north-east as well with Lal Singh's survey route through them
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Detail of map 27 in
Innermostasia - shows the north west corner with the area around Khadalik
in the mountains through which Lal Singh continued his survey. The remainder of
the map sheet to the south is blank.
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia -shows the north-east corner of the map with area around
Turfan and into the T'ien Shan mountains to Guchen with Stein's route over the
pass between these.
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - shows the detail of area at Guchen (Ku-ch'eng-tzu and
the T'ien Shan range to the south with Stein's route over it through the pass
at 12000 feet - the photo came out too red
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - detail of the Turfan depression and oasis - Kara-khoja
oasis and ruin - Lukchun oasis and many ruins such as the fort at Chong-hassar.
Note many watch towers along the caravan routes. Stein measured the depression
to -940 feet below sea level
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - shows detail of the Ku-ch'eng-tzu (Guchen) oasis as fortified
town - also Pei-ti'ng ruined walled town - and beginning of the road south over
the T'ien Shan
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - shows greater detail of Guchen and Pei-ti'ng and caravan
route over the T'ien Shan
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - shows the eastern part of the Turfan depression from Turfan
to Kara-khoja and Lukchun walled towns and several watch towers. The numerous
numbered locations for Stein's camps indicates the extent of his exploration,
surveying and excavation of ruins.
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia- shows the western part of the Turfan depression between
Turfan and Kona-shar and Toksun with several walled towns or forts and watch
towers.
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - shows the south-west corner of the map from the Turfan
depression into the hills bordering the Taklamakan with Stein's
routes.
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Detail of map 28 in
Innermostasia - shows the southern edge of the map sheet in the hills
south of the Turfan depression
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map sheet - which adjoins
the southern edge of map 28. This is the Kuruk Tagh hill ranges around Singer,
a very small and isolated oasis in a valley. Stein's, Lal Singh's and Afraz
Gul's survey routes appear. vIn the south east corner is Altmish-bulak, the
spring near Lou Lan where Stein rested his camels.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - shows more detail of the area around Singer
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia- shows the eastern edge of the map with the routes from
Singer eastward to Altmish-bulak spring. This is the spring to which Stein sent
his camels while working at Lou-lan and to which he went to prepare for his
epic crossing of the Lop salt sea.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia -shows the area west of Singer in the dry Kuruk Tagh
hills
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - this important map shows the area at Lou-lan and to the
north and west - note Altmish-bulak and Astin-bulak springs are nearby to the
north. Stein maps the dry bed of the Kuruk-darya which he believed passed north
of Lou-lan during the early centuries in which it was a Chinese post. The route
north-west from Altmish-bulak leads to Singer.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - this shows the route between Altmish-bulak spring and
Besh-bulak on the way to Singer. Stein was greatly assisted in his exploration
by life-time experienced desert hunters from Singer.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia- a detailed map of the northern part of the Lou-lan area
showing many locations for ruins and relics. The area was occupied long before
the Chinese established their frontier supply post here.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - this shows the southern part of the extensive Lou-lan
site with may relics found on the surface as well as ruined buildings and
fortifications. Stein's route to Lou Lan from Abdal is in the south-west
corner.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - this shows greater detail of the central part of the
Lou-lan site. It is an example of Stein's meticulous record keeping and
detailed descriptions of the exact locations for each of his 'finds'.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia- part of the southern edge of this map sheet - this shows
detail of the area around the Merdek ruin next to the Tarim River which Stein
found during his return trip from Lou-lan to Miran. Parts of his route are
seen.
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Detail of map 29 in
Innermostasia - this shows the entire southern part of the important map.
It shows Merdek ruin on the Tarim river in the south-west and the route to
Lou-lan across the middle and the entire Lou-lan site along the eastern edge.
Singer is at the northwest corner.
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Detail of map 30 in
Innermostasia - This shows most of the central portion of the map, which
is the area south of map 29 - This is from Charkhlik in the SW to Miran in the
center to Abdal on the Tarim river in the north.
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Detail of map 30 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area between Miran and Abdal. The Tibetan
fort at Miran occupied Stein for weeks during which he found not only the fort
but (as shown 'mounds') much earlier Buddhist stupas. Abdal was a tiny fishing
village but with a building substantial for Stein to use as a storage shed.
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Detail of map 30 in
Innermostasia- this shows the area between Charkhlik and Miran. Stein
decided that Charkhlik was the location of the ancient Chinese regional
headquarters.
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Detail of map 30 in
Innermostasia - shows the area between Charkhlik - Miran - Abdan with the
Tarim river flowing east along the northern side
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Detail of map 30 in
Innermostasia - shows a wide area across the entire map sheet from
Charkhlik past Abdal to the Lop Nor salt sea.
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Detail of map 30 in
Innermostasia - shows the entire northern edge that meets the southern edge
of map 29 - This includes from Charkhlik into the Lop Nor salt flat and the
Tarim river flowing south along the western edge and then turning sharply east
into the salty swamp east of Abdal.
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Detail of map 31 in
Innermostasia-shows the Pichan and Chik-tam oases with their walled
towns.
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Detail of map 31 in
Innermostasia - shows in detail the oases at Pichan and Chik-tam with
route between
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Detail of map 31 in
Innermostasia - shows the western edge of the map from south of Pichan to
well north - latitude 42 to 43 50' North
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Detail of map 31 in
Innermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map at latitude 44 N and
longitude 90 E to 92 E. The range of hills crossed by caravan routes with
occasional watch towers.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - shows the area east of Lou lan into the Lop dry salt
lake bed with numerous 'finds' and the several mesas with small forts northeast
of Lou lan that Stein recognized as being on the Chinese caravan route across
the salt flats.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - shows the area further east of Lou lan with Stein's and Lal
Singh's survey routes into the salt flats
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - shows the northwest corner of the map sheet - an area east
and north east of Lou-lan with the beginnning of Stein's and Lal Singh's survey
routes across the salt flats.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - this shows the entire map sheet with the area close to
Lou lan on the west edge - the routes across the Lop sea across the map to the
caravan route from Abdal toward Tun-huang in the southeast corner. The crossing
of the Lop sea was a dangerous undertaking in mid-winter, but Stein was
successful in finding the ancient Chinese caravan route. While Stein went
across the northeast corner of the Lop Nor salt bed, Lal Singh went further
north and east around the boundary of the salt flat. .
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - shows the eastern side of Lou lan and several mesas with
small forts and cemeteries along the Chinese caravan route. Some graves, Stein
determined, were those of pre-Chinese inhabitants.The more northern route was
Lal Singh's.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia -shows in greater detail the area immediately east of Lou lan
with the mesas Stein found there.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - shows the south east corner - the caravan route along
the southern edge of the Lop nor salt flat through Achchik-bulak and Kum-kudak
with Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes exiting from the salt sea. Being
very experienced surveyors as well as caravan leaders, they had no difficulty
meeting after several weeks of travel across uncharted terrain exactly where
they planned.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - this map is a special one showing the eastern edge of
Lou-lan and the Lop salt flat with Stein's and Lal-Singh's survey trips across
it in winter. This past shows the routes northeast out of Lou land past several
mesas on which Stein found small forts and cemetaries. From there he turned
south-east and found Han coins on the surface
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - this shows Stein's (on the left) and Lal Singh's (on the
right) survey routes along the eastern edge of the Lop sea as they headed south
to meet at its southern edge
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - this shows the western edge of the map with Stein's and
Lal Singh's routes.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia -this shows the eastern edge of the Lou lan site with several
small forts and watch towers on mesas along the Chinese supply caravan
route.
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Detail of map 32 in
Innermostasia - this is the southeast corner of the map - it shows Stein's
and Lal Singh's survey routes meeting at the edge of the Lop sea and proceeding
to Kum-kuduk well on the caravan route to Tun-huang.
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Detail of map 33 in
Innermostasia - directly south of map 32 - shows along the southern edge Lal
Singh's survey route through the foothills toward Tun huang and in the
northwest corner the caravan route along the edge of the Lop Nor salt
flat
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Detail of map 34 in
Innermostasia - shows detail of Lapchuk and Taranchi oases
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Detail of map 34 in
Innermostasia - shows the area between Chang-liu-shui and the important
Hami town and the eastern end of the T'ien Shan hills
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Detail of map 34 in
Innermostasia - this shows in detail the Barkul oasis and walled town
with ruin of Manchu town next door - and Stein's route along the northern slope
of the T'ien Shan.
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Detail of map 34 in
Innermostasia- shows the eastern extension of the T'ien Shan with Barkul
to the north and the caravan route from Hami to the south
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Detail of map 35 in
Innermostasia - this shows the terminal of the Su-lo Ho with the caravan
routes through Toghrak-bulak and Besh-toghrak and especially the western watch
towers and end of the Han line. Stein numbered the towers more or less in the
order he studied them - Towers I and II are detached watch towers he came to
first on north bank of the Su-lo Ho - Towers III and IV are immediately to the
south - Then towers V and VI are detached far to the southwest to cover the end
of the line. Stein came across the wall and towers rather unexpectedly during
his second expedition on his rush to Tun-huang. He visited a few, then
continued to the town where he recruited a team of reluctant opium smokers to
dig, returned to the wall and excavated many towers mostly northwest of town.
Then, after returning again to Tun-huang and purchasing hundreds of manuscripts
at the "cave of the thousand Buddhas" he returned again to the wall
to continue to the northeast. He returned again to the wall during his third
expedition.
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Detail of map 35 in
Innermostasia - shows the western end of the Han wall with watch towers
around Toghrak-bulak south of the end of the Su-lo Ho.
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Detail of map 35 in
Innermostasia - shows the entire southern edge of the map - This shows
the caravan routes from Abdal to the west on toward Tun-huang on the east. In
the center is the terminal lake of the Su-lo Ho and the end of the Han
wall.
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Detail of map 35 in
Innermostasia - the eastern side of this map sheet - shows a section of
the Han wall on the south side of the Su-lo Ho
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Detail of map 36 in
Innermostasia - shows the northern edge of the map sheet with Lal
Singh's survey route through the foothills west of Tun-huang. The remainder of
the map is blank further south than was included in surveys.
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Detail of map 37 in
Innermostasia - on the northern edge of the survey area - shows the
eastern end of the T'ien Shan with routes to Bai on the north and Tash-bulak on
the south
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Detail of map 37 in
Innermostasia - the southern part of the map sheet -shows Stein's routes
from southeast to northwest - the western route is from Abdal to Hami during
the second expedition and the eastern one is from Mao mei to Bai during the
third expedition.
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Detail of map 37 in
Innermostasia - this shows detail of the northern slope of the eastern T'ien
Shan with Stein's route from Bai to Barkul
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia - shows part of Stein's route from An-hsi to Hami across
desert hills.
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia - shows part of Stein's route northwest from An-hsi to Hami
and part of the Su-lo Ho with the Han wall and towers along it.
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia - shows the An-hsi town and oasis and a section of the Han
wall and towers along the south bank of the Su-lo Ho plus several ruins of old
walled villages or forts.
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia- shows the area close to north side of An-hsi with the
Su-lo Ho and part of the Han wall and towers.
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia -shows area directly north west of An-hsi along the Su-lo
Ho with the Han wall towers.
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia - shows area west of An-hsi with Han towers and several ruins
of small forts
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia - shows detail of the Tun-huang oasis and walled town with
Ch'ien-fo-tung (Cave of Thousand Buddhas) nearby.
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Detail of map 38 in
Innermostasia - shows the entire southern edge of the map from 94 to 96
degrees E longitude at 40 degrees north latitude - showsTun-huang on southern
edge and Su-lo Ho flowing west across the center from An-hsi with the Han wall
beside it.
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Detail of map 39 in
Innermostasia - shows northern edge of Nan-hu map sheet south of map 38 -
with Nan-hu oasis town in northwest corner and foothills across the center -
southern map area is blank. Lal Singh attempted to survey further south but
only reached the point shown here.
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - shows part of Stein's route through desert toward
Bai
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - this shows Stein's route toward Bai from Mao mei with
the intermediate oasis at Ming-shui
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - this is in the lower left corner -it shows the Su-lo Ho
flowing westward with the Han wall shifting to the northern bank - it shows
Ch'iao-tzu walled town and the ruin of the old town south of it. Also T'a-shin
walls and Ru-lung-chi walled - The Su-lo Ho flows north out of the mountains at
the eastern edge.
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - this focuses on the Han wall and towers along the Su-lo
Ho east and west of Shuang-t'a-pao
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area around T'a-shin and Ch'iao-tzu oases
and walled towns.
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area between Yu-men-hsien and
Ying-p'an-p'u-fzu and the Han wall north of them.
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Han wall and towers north of Yu-men-hsien
and Ying-p'an-p'u-fzu and several walled towns or small forts
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Detail of map 40 in
Innermostasia -this shows the entire southern border of the map sheet with
the Han wall and towers across the center. The Su-lo Ho flows north out of the
Nan Shan at the bottom center and then turns 90 degrees to the west at the top
of this map detail
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Detail of map 41 in
Innermostasia - this shows the east side of the map with the Nan-shan
mtns north of the Suess Range where the Su-lo Ho is flowing northwest through a
high valley
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Detail of map 41 in
Innermostasia - this shows the north-east corner of the map with the Nan
shan mtns abruptly rising next to the Gansu corridor where the Po-yang - Ho
flows out of the mountains.
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Detail of map 41 in
Innermostasia - this shows the northern edge of the map - area north of
the Nan-shan mtns - with Ch'ang-ma-pao-tzu - the fortress in Chang-ma oasis
beside the Sulo Ho were it debouches from the mountains flowing north.
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Detail of map 41 in
Innermostasia- this shows the entire northern edge of the map from 96 to
98 degrees east Longitude - the southwest part of the map sheet is blank.
Ch'ang-ma-pao-tzu - is next to the Su-lo Ho as it enters the final gorge before
leaving the mountains.
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia - this shows the southern edge of the map where the Pei-ta-Ho
flows northeast through Chin-t'a-ch-eng and Mao mai oasis - some sections of
the Han wall appear in the desert
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia - this shows a length of the Han wall in the desert west
of Mao mai. The wall was lost on either side of this section. |
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia - this shows the oasis at Chin-t'a-ch'eng along the Pei-ta Ho
with a section of the Han wall and towers near were it crosses the
river
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia - this shows the south-east corner of the map where the
Kan-chou and Pei-ta-Ho flow northward and join at Mao-mei forming then the
Etsin-gol that continues to the Mongolian border - The Han wall and towers are
in the desert along the north bank of the Pei-ta-Ho until reaching Mao-mei -
the map color is too red
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Detail of map 42
Innermostasia this shows the Mao-mei oasis and town at the confluence of
the Pei-ta Ho and Kan-chou rivers - the Han wall is along the bank of the
Pei-ta Ho and then again north of the town and along the joined rivers which
become the Etsin-gol
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia - detailed view of the Pei-ta-Ho and the Han wall north of
it.
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia- shows detail of the Han wall and towers north of the
Pei-ta-Ho
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia - this shows the first stage of Stein's route north west from
Mao Mai toward Bai across the desert hills
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia -this shows the southern edge of the map with Mao-mei in the
southeast corner.
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Detail of map 42 in
Innermostasia -this is the southwest corner of the map with a route Stein
took into the desert to find a section of the Han wall west of Mao-mei (which
is just east of this detail) - and at the top is part of his route from Mao-mei
across the desert hills to Barkul
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia - this shows a part of the Nan shan with Stein's
route
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia -this shows the steep Nan-Shan and the flat corridor to
its north with a series of small oases and walled villages
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia - this shows part of the northern edge of the map with the
Kan-chou River flowing north past Ho-chuan walled town - note the many watch
towers along the river and also along the caravan going west. But these are not
part of the Han wall system
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Kan-chou river flowing north between
Ho-chuan and Cheng-i with numerous watch towers along the river.
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia - this shows the Su-chou walled city and oasis on the
Pei-ta-Ho with the route west past the great Ming fortress at Chia-yu-kuan (Now
much illustrated in books and a major tourist attraction) - Stein examined the
many towers and sections of wall here and determined they were NOT part of the
Han wall. He was welcomed by the Chinese commander. Note how the wall blocks
the narrow passage between the Pei-ta-Ho and the hills north of the river.
Stein stayed in Su-chou during both the second and third expeditions.
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia - this shows the entire northern edge of the map and as far
south as past Su-chou into the Nan-Shan - The Kan-chou river flows north along
the eastern edge and the Pei-ta-Ho flows north near the western edge - they
join on the next map sheet north - 42.
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Detail of map 43 in
Innermostasia - this shows part of the Nan-shan - the Alexander III, To-lai
shan and Richthofen ranges and Stein's routes through them. Note the ineresting
fact of the Pei-ta Ho flowing northwest while in the adjacent valley the
Kan-chou flows south east yet they eventually meet far to the north..
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Detail from map 43 in
Innermostasia- the south border of the map sheet and southern extent of
the survey in this area - this shows part of the Nan Shan - Alexander III,
range and Stein's survey routes.
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Detail of map 44 in
Innermostasia - This shows the delta of the Etsin-gol river in two salt
lakes near the Mongolian border. And the route toward the east is Mohammed
Khan's trek with Stein's camels for summer rest in a hill area on that border.
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Detail of map 45 in
Innermostasia - this shows most of the Etsin-gol River near Mao Mai
flowing north toward Mongolia with Stein's route along it.
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Detail of map 45 in
Innermostasia - this shows further flow of the Etsin-gol north and the
medieval fortress city Khara-khoto east of the river.To the west is a section
of the Etsin-gol double river bed that Stein visited.
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Detail of map 45 in
Innermostasia - this shows the area around Khara-khoto next to the
Etsin-gol river.
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Detail of map 45 in
Innermostasia - This shows Khara-khoto and watch towers along the
Estin-gol dry bed - note Stein surveyed only a part of the then flowing river
to the west.
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Detail of map 46
inInnermostasia - this is the Kan-chou oasis with steep scarp of the
Nan-shan to the west - The city is now called Zhangue - note the symbols for
walled villages and towns.
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Detail of map 46 in
Innermostasia - this shows the furtherest south-east extent of Stein's
travel - Kan-chou and the Nan-shan mtns to its west
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Detail of map 46 in
Innermostasia - this shows Kan-chou and the Nan-shan mountains with the
Kan-chou river bend from south-east to north before exiting the
mountains.
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Detail of map 46 in
Innermostasia - this is the north-west corner of the map sheet - it shows
Kan-chou and the river flowing north
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Detail of map 47 in
Innermostasia - this is the furthermost north-east area in Stein's
mapping - along the Mongolian border - but Stein did not visit this area - it
is where he sent his camels for summer rest while he explored the Nan-shan - it
is north east of Khara-khoto.
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Detail of map A in
Innermostasia - shows the area along the Indus river gorge in Chilas and
Stein's roundabout route into Darel and Tangir - Gilgit, where there was
already a British outpost is on north- east corner above where the Gilgit river
flows into the Indus - Note Stein went by skin raft down the Indus west of
Chilas because the walls of the gorge are too steep.
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Detail of map A in
Innermostasia -shows in detail Tangir and Darel with Stein's route from
Chilas - at the time this was unexplored territory from the British point of
view and Stein needed special permission to enter.
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Detail of map C in
Innermostasia - this is of south east Iran - Sistan where Stein found
ancient cities and forts near the Afghan and Indian border - He noted the
similarities in artistic style with some places he excavated in Chinese
Turkestan.
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Detail of map D in
Innermostasia - this is of Sistan - southeastern corner of Iran in which
Stein found ancient ruins
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In the map set of
Innermostasia map B is a special large sheet in which Stein's and Lal
Singh's several survey routes across the Lop salt sea are shown in an effort to
give the reader an overall view of this huge area. Stein clearly thought his
daring efforts were highlights of his expeditions. But the map is so large that
showing the entire map on one computer screen makes it so small that the detail
is lost. Here we have made more detailed photos of sections of the map. Of
course this defeats Stein's purpose but does enable one to see the remarkable
amout of detailed descriptions he was able to record each day while attending
to the rigors of a desert crossing in mid-winter over unknown and difficult
terrain. - This photo shows part of the western edge of the Lop sea where the
Chinese frontier fort - Lou lan was located.
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A more detailed view of
part of Map B in Innermostasia - it shows part of the area around Lou
lan.
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From
Innermostasia map B - This is a detailed view of the center of the Lou
lan area that Stein surveyed and excavated extensively. The Lop salt sea is
east.
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Part of map B in
Innermostasia - shows Lou lan and area to the north east - the direction that
Stein determined was the Chinese caravan route to Tun huang. The notations of
L.E - L.F - L.I and L.J are small mesas on which Stein found outposts and
cemetery.
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The south east corner of
map B in Innermostasia - this shows the end location for Stein's (on the
left) and Lal Singh's (on the right) traverse survey across the Lop salt sea
where they met just short of the caravan route to Tun-huang
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This section of map B in
Innermostasia shows the area north of Lou lan - as far as the small
oasis at Altmish-bulak and at Astin-bulak
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This section of map B in
Innermostasia shows the mid part of Stein's dangerous trek across the
Lop sea in mid-winter.
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This section of map B
in Innermostasia shows the northern edge of the Lop salt sea with Lal
Singh's survey routes through it.
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This section of map B in
Innermostasiashows the area north and northwest of Lou lan around
Altmish-bulak, the small spring where Stein kept his camels during extended
excavation work and where he returned to prepare for the hazardous trip across
the salt sea.
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This section of map B in
Innermostasia shows detail of Lou lan - unfortunately I was unable to flated
the map sufficiently to remove the results of the folding
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This section of map B in
Innermostasia shows the northeast part of the Lop salt sea and Stein's
circular route to avoid the worst part of the barren sea. He determined that
this was the route of ancient Chinese caravans.
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This part of map B in
Innermostasia shows Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes around the
north eastern edge of the Lop salt sea between Lou lan and Tung huang
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This section of map B in
Innermostasia shows Stein's and Lal Singh's survey routes where they met
on the south east edge of the Lop salt sea near Kum-kuduk - the red line along
the southern edge shows their previous route along the caravan road to Tun
huang
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This section of map B in
Innermostasia shows the area south west of Lou lan and Stein's routes
from Abdal to Lou lan
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