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Ivan Kalita was born in second half of 13th
century as second son of Daniil Aleksandrovich,
appanage prince of Moscow and his wife, whose name is not known. He married
first Yelyena, (unknown parentage), and then Yul'yana (also unknown parentage).
He had eight children. Ivan's sons from first marriage were
Semyeon Gordi, grand prince of Moscow; Daniil, crown
prince of Moscow, who died about 1320; Ivan II, grand
prince of Moscow; Andrei, appanage prince of
Serpukhov. And he had daughters Maria, Yevdokia, Feodosia. From the second
marriage he probably had one daughter. Ivan was prince of Moscow (1325-28) and
grand prince of Moscow (1328-40) and grand prince of Vladimir (1331-40). The
family is shown on this chart.
Chronology:
1302 - Ivan sent to Pereyaslavl Zaleski to gain loyalty of people
1317 - He is sent to Novgorod, he obtains the city support against Tver
1320 - He goes to Tatar capital at Sarai total of 9 times, in 1320 he stayed
two years
1322-25 Dmitrii Mikhailovich Grozni Ochi of Tver
kills Yuri III Danilovich at Sarai and then the Khan
executes him. Ivan is on second visit to Sarai but in 1326 Khan gives
yarlik to Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
1325 - Ivan succeeds his brother, Yuri III, as prince of Moscow.
1326 - Metropolitan Peter lays corner stone for Uspenski (Assumption) Cathedral
in Moscow
1327 - revolt at Tver, Ivan goes to Sarai to obtain Tatar troops and returns
with Fedorchuk and Turalyk and 50,000 Tatars. Aleksandr Mikhailovich escapes to
Pskov where he is made prince. Ivan goes with army to Pskov. Novgorod supports
Ivan against Pskov. Aleksandr flees to Lithuania.
1328 - Ivan gets yarlik as Grand Prince of Vladimir along with Aleksandr
of Suzdal. Konstantin Mikhailovich replaces his
brother at Tver.
1331 - Ivan again visits Sarai to get the yarlik as grand prince.
1331 - Gedemin launches Lithuanian offensive and Novgorod, Pskov and Tver are
now pro-Lithuania. Ivan has to defeat Lithuania while remaining in the khan's
favor, so he allies with Tatars against Lithuania. Aleksandr Mikhailovich
returns to Pskov again as prince. The khan then gives Aleksandr Mikhailovich
back Tver and he replaces his brother, Konstantin, who ruled while he was away.
Konstantin had been Ivan's ally. (Some date this change to 1337).
1332 - Novgorod resists Ivan's heavy Tatar taxes - Ivan invades Novgorod border
towns, Novgorod supports Lithuania.
1333 - Ivan's son, Semyon, marries as a second wife,
Anastasia, Lithuanian princess, daughter of Gedymin but border war continues.
1335 - Ivan returns to Novgorod to make peace, on the return trip he attacks
Lithuanian border towns.
1336 - Ivan again goes to Sarai, complains about Aleksandr.
1337 - Ivan again sends army against Novgorod to collect taxes.
1338-9 Ivan goes to Sarai again to get khan's approval of his will and
testament. According to his will, Ivan bought Beloozero, Uglich and Galich, but
left the local princes in charge.
1339 - Khan Ozbeg executes Alexandr Mikhailovich and Konstantin Mikhailovich is
restored to Tver
1340 - Ivan takes Tatar army against Smolensk but looses heavily.
Metropolitan Peter (1303-26) sides with Ivan and Moscow. Then Metropolitan
Theogonst (1328-53) comes from Constantinople and chooses to live at Moscow.
Ivan stayed close to both metropolitans.
1344 - Ivan dies
1348 - Novgorod appeals for assistance against Sweden and Livonian knights but
Ivan I's son, Ivan Ivanovich, as commander of army does not respond.
1352 - Campaign with Tatars to Smolensk
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