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CHRONOLOGY - 18th CENTURY RUSSIA
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MICHA JELISAVCIC
JOHN SLOAN
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1703-30 AD
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Ahmen III, Ottoman Sultan.
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1704-07 AD
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Gazi Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1707-09 AD
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Kaplan Girei I, Khan of Crimea.
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1709-12 AD
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Devlet Girei II, Khan of Crimea,
second time.
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1711 AD
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Ottoman - Tatar army surrounds
and defeats Peter I on Pruth River in Moldavia, Peter surrenders Azov.
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1713-16 AD
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Kaplan Girei I, Khan of Crimea,
second time.
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1716-17 AD
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Ka-devlytar Girei, Khan of
Crimea.
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1717 AD
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Ottoman campaign to Belgrade
with Tatar aid.
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1717-24 AD
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Saadat Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1724-30 AD
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Mengli Girei II, Khan of Crimea.
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1725-27 AD
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Catherine I, Empress of Russia.
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1727-30 AD
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Perter II Alexeivich, Emperor of
Russia.
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1730-54 AD
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Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan.
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1730-36 AD
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Kaplan Girei I, Khan of Crimea,
second time.
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1730-40 AD
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Anna Ivanovna, Empress of
Russia.
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1730-36 AD
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Ottoman-Persian war - Crimean
Tatars ordered to support by attack on Persia via Caucasus.
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1731-33 AD
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New defense lines, planned by
Peter I, finally built across Ukraine from Dneper to Donetz with 15 major forts
for defense against Tatars.
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1732-34 AD
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Mengli Girei II, Khan of Crimea,
second time, continues Tatar raids on Russia.
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1732 AD
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Russian troops (4000) under
Prince of Hesse Homburg defeat (25,000) Crimean Tatars led by Terti-Girei in
Daghestan area Peter I took from Persia. This was result of Nadir Shah's (of
Persia) war on Ottomans at Baghdad. Ottoman Sultan ordered Crimean Khan to
attack Persia via Caucasian pass at Derbent so he had to cross this Russian
territory. Expecting this, Nadir Shah had made agreement with Russians to cover
his rear.
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1734-40 AD
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Feti Girei, Khan of Crimea,
continues Tatar raids on Russia.
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1733 AD
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Russians begin operations
against Crimean Tatars who are busy fighting Persians in Daghestan. General
Leontiev enters Ukraine and defeats Nogai but is then defeated by sickness and
November snow.
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1736-39 AD
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Russo-Turkish war mostly
conducted by Russia against Crimean Tatars.
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1736 AD
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Marshal Munich organizes Russian
attack on Crimea and siege of Azov. He opens siege successfully in March and
then goes to Dnieper to lead main attack on Crimea. He reaches Perekop on 22
May and storms the defensive lines and captures the Turkish garrison. He
proceeds to take Koszov (Evpatoria) and burn Bachtsch- Serai. He departs Crimea
on 28 Aug. Meanwhile Marshal Lacy takes Azov. The Russians lost only about 2000
to enemy action but half the army to sickness and heat.. Unable to defeat the
Russian army the Tatars nevertheless continue to raid throughout Ukraine.
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1736 AD
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To expand pressure into Kuban,
in the spring the Russians send 20,000 Kalmyks against Tatars there. They force
considerable numbers of Tatars to surrender. They repeat their campaign again
in November. The Kalmyks made several ten's of thousands of Tatars slaves.
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1736-37 AD
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Tatars mount extensive winter
raids throughout Russia and Ukraine. Despite all Munich's precautions including
trying to break river ice, the Tatars carry off thousands of prisoners.
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1737 AD
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Munich conducts another
campaign. Russian army marches along the Dnieper and Bug. By an incredible
stroke of luck the Russians are able to capture Ochakov fortress when the
magazines explode and start a conflagration that forces the Turkish commander
to surrender. Munich withdraws into Ukraine by October. Russians repair
fortifications and the combined 4000 man garrison and 100 ship fleet
successfully withstand Turkish- Tatar (20,000 each) siege in the fall.
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1737 AD
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In June Marshal Lacy marches
into Crimea with regular troops, Cossacks and Kalmyk warriors, bypassing the
refortified Tatar line at Perekop. He burns and ravages Tatar villages and
defeats Tatar and Turkish troops in several battles. Admiral Brenal wins
Russian naval victory over Turks in Sea of Azov. Lacy withdraws into winter
quarters in Ukraine by October.
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1737 AD
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Simultaneously with Russian
operations, the Kalmyks again lay waste to the Kuban region destroying Nogai
villages and enslaving prisoners.
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1737-38 AD
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Despite extensive Russian
efforts to strengthen frontier fortification lines the Tatars continue small-
scale raids throughout Ukraine. In Feb 1738, however, the Khan, himself, brings
40,000 Tatars against the lines, but with such a large force he can not avoid
detection or get through.
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1738 AD
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Marshal Munich conducts his
third campaign, this time deep into Moldavia, assembling 50,000 troops
including Cossacks and Kalmyks on the Dnieper beginning in May. By early
August, after several successful battles, he reaches the Dniester. In September
he returns into winter quarters around Kyiv.
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1738 AD
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Marshal Count Lacy again leads
about 35,000 troops including Cossacks again bypasses the Perekop
fortifications held by the Khan with 40,000 Tatars. Taking advantage of sudden
low water he simply marches across the Sivasch. He then attacked the Perekop
fortress from the Crimean side and captured the Turkish Janissary garrison. He
spends July and August ravaging Crimea and returns to the frontier lines for
the winter. In the fall the Russians abandon Kinburn and Ochakov destroying the
fortifications.
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1738-39 AD
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The Tatars counter all winter
with border raids. Finding the Russian frontier too well guarded they take
their compensation by shifting to capture prisoners from Polish villages,
despite their treaty with Poland.
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1739 AD
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Marshal Munich launches his
fourth campaign with about 65,000 troops including Cossacks and Georgians from
Kyiv. They cut the march distance into Wallachia by crossing Poland, despite
heated complaints. They cross the Bug in early July and then by means of a
feignt and ruse cross the Dniester near Khotin in August. Sultan Islam Gerei
with 12,000 Tatars and 6000 mounted Janissaries attack the vanguard on 3 August
and are defeated. The Russians reach the upper Pruth and turn south on 17 Aug
.but are soon surrounded in camp. Munich storms the Turkish camp in turn, gains
a great victory and then captures Khotin. Munich then marches further south,
crosses the Pruth on 10 Aug and on the 14th takes Jassy, which he begins to
fortify. But Russia gave all this area back to Turkey in the peace treaty.
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1740-41 AD
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Ivan VI, Emperor of Russia.
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1740-43 AD
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Seldmet Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1741-62 AD
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Elizabeth Petrovna, Empress of
Russia.
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1743-48 AD
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Selim Girei II, Khan of Crimea.
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1748-56 AD
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Kishyan Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1754-57 AD
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Osman III, Ottoman Sultan.
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1756-58 AD
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Khalim Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1757-74 AD
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Mustapha III, Ottoman Sultan.
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1758-64 AD
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Krim Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1762 AD
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Peter III, Emperor of Russia.
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1762-96 AD
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Catherine II, Empress of Russia.
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1764-68 AD
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Selim Girei III, Khan of Crimea.
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1767-68 AD
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Mgaksud Girei, Khan of Crimea .
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1768-74 AD
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First Russo-Turkish war of
Catherine II, Ottomans declare war after Russian invasion.
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1769-70 AD
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Devlet Girei III, Khan of
Crimea.
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1769 AD
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Ottomans lose Kabardia in
Caucasus - Russians invade Balkans - Peter Rumiantsev wins battle on Dniester -
takes Jassy and all Moldavia.
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1770 AD
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Battle of Karkel - Ottoman-
Tatar army attempts to drive Russians out of Moldavia, Rumiantsev in big win.
Turks lose fortresses on Danube and Pruth - cut from Tatars - Turks facing war
also in Egypt and Greece.
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1770 AD
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Kaplan Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1771-75 AD
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Sakhib Girei II, Khan of Crimea.
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1771 AD
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Vasili Dolgoruki invades Crimea,
storms Perekop.
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1773 AD
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Rumiantsev on Danube again.
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1773 AD
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Beginning of Pugachev revolt on
Volga basin.
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1774-89 AD
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Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman Sultan.
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1774 AD
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Suvorov wins at Shumla.
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1774 AD
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Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji -
Crimea declared independent of Turks - Russians regain Azov, part of Kuban,
Kabardia, Kerch Penn in Crimea to fortify, area between Bug and Dnieper Rivers.
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1777-83 AD
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Shakhin Girei, Khan of Crimea.
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1778 AD
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Crimean Christians deported to
Russia to Ekaterinoslav.
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1783 AD
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Russia annexes Crimea.
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1786 AD
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Eparchy of Gothia abolished.
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1787 AD
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War - Ottomans try to get
Crimean Tatars to revolt.
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1788 AD
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Austrian-Russian war with
Turkey.
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1788 AD
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Suvorov wins at Kinburn as Turks
move to regain Crimea - Rumyantsev invades Moldavia again at Chocim and Jassy,
Potemkin takes Ochakov - John Paul Jones wins naval victories at Dnieper mouth,
17and 27 June.
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1789-1807 AD
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Selim III, Ottoman Sultan.
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1789 AD
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Austrians capture Belgrade -
repulse Turks in Bosnia - Russians invade Moldavia again, Suvorov and Saxe
Colburg win at Focsani and Rimnik.
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1790 AD
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Suvorov storms Izmail.
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1792 AD
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Treaty of Jassy - Russians
return Moldavia and Besarabia to Turkey but keep all rest of Dniester region .
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1796-1801 AD
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Paul, Emperor of Russia.
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