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CHRONOLOGY 11th CENTURY RUSSIA
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MICHA JELISAVCIC
JOHN SLOAN
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1000 - 1150 AD
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There are 20 changes of prince at
Kyiv involving 16 princes with average rein of 7.5 years.
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1000 AD
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Varangian troops in Byzantine
campaign in Armenia.
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1000 AD
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Byzantine success against
Bulgars in war with Tsar Samuel in Macedonia, with Varangian Guard.
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1001 AD
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Vladimir's son, Izyaslav, dies at
Polotsk. Izyaslav is succeeded by Bryachislav. This family line continues to
rule Polotsk.
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1001 AD
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Battle with Pecheneg. Their khan
Rodman captured POW along with three of his sons.?
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1010 AD
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Yaroslavl founded
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1011-14 AD
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Basil's army with Varangians in
Italy to quell uprising, they capture Bari.
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1013 AD
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Creation of Polish-Pecheneg
alliance directed against Rus. Their united campaign against Rus under command
of Polish prince Bolyeslav I. Then peace treaty with Bolyeslav.
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1014 AD
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Bulgars defeated, Byzantines
return attention to Chersonesus, Khazars attempt diplomatic maneuvers to retain
control.
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1015 AD
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Division of western part of
Khazar empire between Rus (Kyiv) and Byzantine Empire. Byzantines retake Crimea
and Rus gains control of north Black Sea coast. - Reports on appearance of
Pecheneg on Rus borders. Russian troops under command of prince Boris
Vladimirovich campaign against them, but no contact or battle occurs. Vladimir
sends son, Mstislav Udaloi, as governor of Tmutorakhan.
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1015 AD
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Vladimir dies, his eldest son,
Svyatopolk, whose wife is daughter of Boleslav I, is in prison, son Boris of
Rostov is on campaign against Pecheneg, son Gleb is at Murom, son Svyatoslav is
in Derevlian land and son Yaroslav is at Novgorod. Vladimir was on the point of
attacking Yaroslav because the latter was not paying tribute to Kyiv. Yaroslav
was busy hiring Varangians.
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1015-19 AD
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Svyatopolk I, Vladimirovich,
Okayannnii, prince of Kyiv, he has Boris, Gleb and Svyatoslav murdered,
Yaroslav flees to get Varangian troops.
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1015-16 AD
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Svyatopolk Okayanni
(Vladimirovich) signs treaty with Pecheneg trying to enlist them to help
against other Kyivan princes. Yaroslav Vladimirovich leads Novgorod- Varangian
druzhina against them and defeats them near Lubich on Dniper by forcing
Svyatopolk's troops onto ice that breaks. Svyatopolk flees to Poland.
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1015-30 AD
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Struggle between sons of Vladimir
creates deterioration of relations with Chud and Let tribes.
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1016 AD
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Kyivan Rus -Byzantine alliance
in Crimea - Emperor Basil II sends fleet commanded by Admiral Mongos Andronikos
against Khazars in Crimea with Rus aid captures leader, George Tsulus (Toulos),
Byzantines regain Bospor and Kerch.
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1018 AD
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Svyatpolk arranges temporary
alliance with Boleslav I Khrabri of Poland, Hungarians and Pecheneg against
Yaroslav, returns to Kyiv in July,. Yaroslav is defeated and flees to Novgorod.
Poles sack Kyiv. After Poles leave, Yaroslav returns with larger army and
Svyatopolk flees again to Pechenegs.
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1019-54 AD
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Yaroslav I, Vladimirovich, (The
wise) Prince of Kyiv. His brother, Mstislav, holds Tmutorakan. His nephew,
Briacheslav Izyaslavich, holds Polotsk.
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1019 AD
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Svyatopolk again brings
Pechenegs against Rus. Battle on Al'ta River, a tributary of the Trubesh.
Decisive victory for Yaroslav Vladimirovich. Svyatopolk flees to Poland, dies
enroute.
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1021
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Vtibesk founded
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1022 AD
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Mstislav campaign against the
Kasog tribe in Caucasus, he kills their leader, Rededia, using knife during a
wrestling match.
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1023-4 AD
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Mstislav Vladimirovich moves army
to Chernigiv, at Battle of Listven, Mstislav defeats Yaroslav. Yaroslav flees
again to Novgorod.
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1024 AD
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Chronicle cites founding of
Suzdal, but likely village there before.
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1025-28 AD
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Constantine VIII, Byzantine
emperor.
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1025-34 AD
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Mieszko II, king of Poland, loses
much territory to neighbors.
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1026 AD
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Archbishop Arseni of Sudak
attends council in Constantinople.
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1026 AD
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Peace between Yaroslav and
Mstislav Udaloi. Yaroslav returns to Kyiv with army. They decide to split
lands, Mstislav will have left bank Dniper and land to Murom, and Yaroslav
right bank plus Novgorod. Their brother, Sudislav, remains in prison.
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1028-34 AD
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Romanus III, Byzantine emperor
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1028-50 AD
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Zoe, Byzantine empress
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1030 AD
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Yaroslav I begins fortification
on northern border - Yuriev (Tartu), Gersik (Yisik) to defend from incursions
from overseas - Scandinavians who attack Polotsk on West Dvina - Polotsk
princedom in war with Lets and Lithuanians on lower West Dvina, build fortress
at Koknes.
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1031 AD
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Yaroslav I , takes Ruthenia from
Poland, war of Kyiv Rus against Lyashski lands, Haraldr Sigurdarson arrives
Kyiv serves Yaroslav in campaign against Kiasi and capture of Ceruin.
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1031 AD
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Yaroslav the Wise shifts the
strategic defensive fortified line further south of Kyiv to the Ros River.
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1032 AD
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Kursk founded
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1033-36 AD
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Byzantine war with Pechenegs.
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1034 AD
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Pecheneg fall on Kyiv with large
army but Rus defeat them near city on Setoml river, then Torks.
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1034-40 AD
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Civil war in Poland.
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1034-55 AD
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Bretislav I King of Bohemia,
restores Moravia, takes Cracow in 1039, holds much of Poland.
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1034-41 AD
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Michael IV, Katallakos,
Byzantine emperor.
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1034 AD
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Haraldr Sigurdarson arrives with
Varangian detachment via Kyiv to Constantinople.
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1036 AD
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Mstislav Udaloi of Tmuktorokan
and Chernigiv dies while hunting.
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1036 AD
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Last campaign of Pecheneg
against Rus. Battle near Kyiv. Rus army under Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich
delivers total destruction to Pecheneg so that in following 82 years they do
not appear in chronicles. They move west out of the region between the rivers.
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1037 AD
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Period of Rus-Byzantine
cooperation, Yaroslav and Emperor in military alliance against nomads, Rus
maintains base at Tmutorakhan.
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1038 -40 AD
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Vladimir I campaign agasinst
Yatvyagi, in Lithuania and Masovia.
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1038-41 AD
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Haraldr leads Varangians in
Byzantine army campaign to Sicily and Italy..
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1038-58 AD
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Casimir I, restores Poland lands
but is reduced in title from king to grand duke.
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1041 AD
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Emperor Henry III invades Bohemia
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1041-42 AD
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Michael V, Byzantine emperor.
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1041 AD
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Varangians in Byzantine campaign
in Bulgaria .
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1042 AD
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Haraldr departs Constantinople,
marries Elazabeta Yaroslavna in Kyiv and returns to be king of Norway.
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1042-55 AD
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Constantine IX, Monomachos,
Byzantine emperor, continual war with Normans in Italy, sends Varangians.
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1043 AD
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Yaroslav the Wise sends last Rus naval campaign
against Byzantium, unsuccessful.
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1044 AD
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Briacheslav, independent ruler of Polotsk, dies, throne
goes to his son , Vseslav.
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1044 AD
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Novgorod in Severia founded.
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1045 AD
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Constantine has 3000 Varangians
in Abkhasia .
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1047 AD
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Yaroslav Vladimirovich war
against Masovia on side of Kasimir I of Poland.
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1048 AD
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Varangians serve in Byzantine
war against Pechenegs in Bulgaria.
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1048 AD
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Varangians and Normans sent to
fight Seljuk Sultan Toghrul in Asia Minor, defend Manzikert.
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1052 AD
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Death of Yaroslav I , his will asks sons to cooperate
peacefully, Svyatoslav at Chernigiv,
Izyaslav at Kyiv, Vsyevolod at Peryiaslavl, Igor
at Vladimir-in-Volynia, Viacheslav at Smolensk.
Yaroslav's brother, Sudislav, still in prison,
died 1063.
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1054-78 AD
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Izyaslav I Yaroslavovich, Prince of Kyiv (deposed
short time in 1068).
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1055 AD
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Torks appear in Periayaslavl
principality for first time.
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1054-5 AD
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Polovtsi arrive in Ukraine
steppe between Volga and Don and western Don basin - first mention in
chronicles.
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1055 AD
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Vsyevolod I Yaroslavich, then still prince of
Pereyaslavl, runs into Tork advance detachment of Polovtsi and quickly judging
the serious situation with the new powerful nomad group reaches agreement with
Khan Bolush on territorial borders.
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1055-56 AD
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Theodora, Byzantine empress.
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1056-57 AD
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Michael VI, Stratioticus,
Byzantine emperor, revolt led by Katakalon Cecaumenos in name of Isaac
Comnenus, Varangians on both sides, Isaac's Varangians will battle at Petroe on
20 May 1057
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1057-59 AD
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Isaac I, Comnenus, Byzantine
emperor
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1057 AD
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Viacheslav Yaroslavich dies, Igor
Yaroslavich transfered to Smolensk, Igor dies 1060. Vsyevolod building up
Periaslavl.
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1058-79 AD
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Boleslav II of Poland, supports
Pope against German Emperor, fights Germans and Polish nobility, conquers
Slovakia.
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1059 AD
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Emperor Isaac Commeni decree on
strategos of Sudak and Chersonesus, may include Bospor also - Lev Aliat
fortifies city with added defensive walls.
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1059-67 AD
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Constantine X, Byzantine emperor
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1060 AD
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First campaign of Rus prince's
druzhina against Torks, led by Vsyevolod Yaroslavich
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1060's AD
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Uprising in Chersonesus.
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1061-92 AD
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Vratislav II, King of Bohemia,
supports Emperor Henry IV in Italy.
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1061-2 AD
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Khazar territories as far as
Dnepr fall to Polovtsi. - First mention of Polovtsi attack on Kyiv, they
suddenly disregard the peace treaty and launch deep raids, especially into
Vsyevolod I's Pereyaslavl principality in 1062
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1063-1167 AD
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Regular, nearly continuous
intensive Polovtsi raiding campaigns against Rus, capturing cattle and slaves
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1064 AD
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Campaign against Rostislav from
Tmutorakhan, Svyatoslav goes to Novgorod, war with Vsyeslav, obtains help from
Emperor Constantine X Dukas.
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1065 AD
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Vseslav Briacheslavich
unsuccessful campaign from Polotsk to take Pskov.
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1065-6AD
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Varangians defend Otranto and
Bari in Byzantine Italy against Normans, capture Taranto and Brindisi. Fight
Robert Guiscard in naval battle off Brindisi
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1066-7 AD
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Vseslav Briacheslavich of Polotsk
attacks Novgorod, drives Mstislav Izyaslavich out to Pskov. This is start of
major internal warfare.
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1066 AD
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Rus chronicle mentions Rostislav
at Tmutorakhan. He collects tribute from Kosogi, campaign to Caucasus and
Crimea
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1067 AD
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Minsk founded
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1067 AD
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Vsyevolod, Izyaslav and
Svyatoslav Yaroslavichi march against Vseslav, capture Minsk, then at battle of
Nemiga defeat Vseslav who flees. After capture he and sons taken to Kyiv.
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1068-71 AD
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Constantine X dies, Eudoxia
marries Romanus IV, as Byzantine emperor, he leads Varangians to attack Alp
Arslan and capture Hieropolis .
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1068 AD
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Polovtsi attack Kyivan Rus,
reaching Chernigiv. Three princes - Izyaslav I, Svyatoslav II and Vsyevolod I -
unite against them but are defeated on Al'ta River. Svyatoslav retreats to
Chernigiv, Vsyevolod and Izyaslav to Kyiv. Kyivans want Izyaslav to fight but
he refuses, uprising then drives him out and frees Vseslav Briacheslavich and
makes him prince. Izyaslav flees to Poland. Yaroslav makes agreement with
Polovtsi. Svyatoslav defeats Polovtsi and captures khan. Svyatoslav sends his
son, Gleb, to rule Novgorod.
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1069 AD
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Izyaslav returns with Polish army
of Boleslav II, his wife, Gertrude's, nephew. Mstislav Izyaslavich kills
Vseslav's supporters in Kyiv. Vseslav flees back to Polotsk where he dies in
1101. Gleb Svyatoslavich defends Novgorod from Vseslav. Izyaslav sends his son,
Mstislav, to Polotsk but he dies so Svyatopolk Izyaslavich sent to Polotsk.
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1070's AD
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Communications between Kyiv and
Chersonesus improve, local economy improves, but then trade shifting by
Polovtsi to Bospor - Tmutorakhan towns
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1071 AD
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Great Seljuk Turk victory
destroys Byzantine Army at Manzikert, Varangian guard die defending emperor
Romanos IV.
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1071 AD
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Byzantine catepan Stephen
Pateranos surrenders Brindisi and Bari to Normans, some Varangians depart or
settle there.
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1071-78 AD
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Michael VII, Ducas, Byzantine
Emperor, later abducted in a revolt.
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1071 AD
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Vseslav drives Sviatopolk
Izyaslavich out of Polotsk.
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1073 AD
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Izyaslav again forced out of
Kyiv, this time by Svyatoslav and Vsyevolod. Svyatoslav II, Yaroslavich, of
Chernigiv, usurper at Kyiv. He now has both Kyiv and Chernigiv, and has sons at
Novgorod and Tmutorokan.
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1074 AD
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First mention of Toropets, a
strong fortress in the Smolensk principality.
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1075 AD
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Izyaslav goes to Emperor Henry IV
and sends son, Yaropolk, to Pope Gregory VII seeking aid, but they are
unsuccessful. Emperor and Pope have more important things on their minds.
(Investiture controversy)
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1076 AD
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Svyatoslav II dies, Vsyevolod
Yaroslavich takes throne in Kyiv.
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1077 AD
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Izyaslav returns and Vsyevolod
gives him Kyiv and Izyaslav gives Vsyevolod Chernigiv, but Oleg Svyatoslavich
contests this, wants his father's throne.
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1078 AD
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Izyaslav and Vsyevolod act
together to drive Oleg out of Chernigiv , he flees to Tmutorokan. Gleb driven
out of Novgorod and killed. Izyaslav's son, Sviatopolk sent to Novgorod.
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1078 AD
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Summer, Oleg Svyatoslavich brings
Polovtsi to take Chernigiv; defeats Vsyevolod on 25 Aug on Sozh River near
Periaslavl. Vsyevolod flees to Kyiv. In October Vsyevolod and Izyaslav together
battle Oleg at Nezhatin Meadow by Chernigiv, Izyaslav killed (only prince
killed in battle with relatives), but Oleg defeated so Vsyevolod wins all.
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1078-93 AD
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Vsyevolod I, Yaroslavich, Prince
of Kyiv, but no longer has stature as Vladimir had. His sons, Vladimir Monomakh
and Rostislav, hold inner cities but nephews hold outer circle of cities,
Novgorod, Vladimir in Volynia and Tmutorokan where Oleg is with Roman.
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1078-79 AD
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Turov-Pinski princedom united to
Kyivan Rus.
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1078-81 AD
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After Michael deposed,
Nicephorus III, Botaniates, Byzantine emperor, by now many Saxons entering
Varangian Guard.
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1079 AD
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Tmutorokan prince Roman
Svyatoslavich attacks Periaslavl with Polovtsi troops but Vsyevolod pays to
have him murdered. Then his brother, Oleg Svyatoslavich, becomes prisoner of
Khazars who sell him to Byzantines thanks to bribe by Vsyevolod.
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1079-1102 AD
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Vladislav I, Hermann, brother of
Boleslav II, becomes king of Poland again.
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1080 AD
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Torks, caught between Kyivans and
Polovtsi, loose their independence and join one side or the other. Kyivans
settle many along frontier.
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1081 AD
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Vsyevolod's agent, Ratibor,
thrown out by David Igoryevich and Volodar Rostislavich, David's father is
Vsyevolod's younger brother who died in 1060. Rurik Rostislavich's grandfather
was Vladimir, Vsyevolod's older brother.
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1081-1118 AD
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Alexius I, Komnenus, attacks
Constantinople, Nicephorus surrenders, Alexius becomes Byzantine emperor, needs
more mercenaries. Leads Varangian guard to Dyrrhachium in August.
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1082 AD
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Trade monopoly through Byzantine
empire held by Venice in exchange for aid against Norman Robert Guiscard, St
Mark church receives tribute. Venice allowed into Black Sea. Guiscard defeats
Alexis on 18 Oct. and most of Varangian Guard killed in battle.
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1083 AD
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Oleg Svyatoslavich returns from
Rhodes to Tmutorakhan, rules there 10 years and then moves to rule Chernigiv
when Polovtsi take Taman region. Svyatopolk Iziaslavich keps Novgorod. Yaropolk
Iziaslavich keeps Vladimir in Volynia.
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1085 AD
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Vsyevolod sends his son, Vladimir
Monomakh, against Yaropolk Iziaslavich at Vladimir in Volynia. Yaropolk's
domain is given to David Igoryevich.
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1086 AD
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Yaropolk agrees with Vladimir
Monomakh and returns to replace David, but then is murdered. David given
Vladimir in Volynia again.
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1087 AD
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Archbishop of Sudak attends
council in Constantinople.
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1088 AD
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Bolgars attack on Murom and
capture it.
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1088 AD
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Svyatopolk Izyaslavich is moved
from Novgorod to Turov. Vsyevolod sends his 12-yr old grandson, Mstislav to
Novgorod as titular prince.
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1089-99 AD
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Georgian Tsar David IV paying
tribute to Seljuk sultan while trying to strengthen his internal power
position. Between 1099 and 1117 he stops payment and further strengthens power.
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1091 AD
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Vasil'ko Rostoslavich leads
campaign against Poles and Hungarians.
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1091 AD
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Polovtsi (also called Cuman and
Kypchak) cross Danube and destroy Pechenegs. Khan Maniak takes detachment clear
into Thrace and smashes the last major Pecheneg horde for Byzantines. They
control entire steppe from Volga to Danube, they have subdued the Khazars,
Pecheneg and Oghuz (Torks).
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1092 AD
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The Polovtsi built Priluki on the
Uda and Perevolochna and Pesochen on the Dnepr below Peshchani at the
confluence of the Supi Kovran. They raid Rus river towns.
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1092 AD
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Vsyevolod I and Svyatopolk II
begin to answer Polovtsi attacks with offensive campaign.
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1092-1111 AD
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Bretislav II, King of Bohemia
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1092 AD
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Anna Kommina reports,
Chersonesus still important slave mart for Polovtsi - slaves sent east to Asia
and west throughout Mediterranian - Byzantine Varangian naval campaign to Crete
and Cyprus.
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1092 AD
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Vasilko Rostislavich uses
Polovtsi to raid Poland.
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1093 AD
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Vsyevolod Yaroslavich dies,
Vladimir Vsyevolodovich Monomakh invites his senior cousin, Svyatopolk
Izyaslavich to take Kyiv without war. Vladimir keeps at Periaslavl and outer
areas to north east that Vsyevolod gave him, Sviatoslavichi keep Chernigiv.
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1093- 1113 AD
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Svyatopolk II, Izyaslavich,
Prince of Kyiv.
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1093 AD
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Learning of death of Vsyevolod
Yaroslavich, Polovtsi send ambassador to Svyatopolk II to conclude a peace
treaty. But Svyatopolk calls the ambassador a liar - Polovtsi besiege and sack
his capital at Poros'ya on the Torchesk river. Vladimir Monomakh moves to
Chernigiv, his brother, Rostislav moves to Periaslavl, Oleg Svyatoslavich in
Tmutorakhan, David Sviatoslavich in Novgorod, Svyatopolk Izyaslavich keeps
Turov as well as Kyiv. In May Rostislav drowns in Stuga during retreat from
Polovtsi, Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh escape. In July Svyatopolk looses
another battle to Polovtsi. Oleg Svyatoslavich brings Polovtsi again toward
Chernigiv.
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1094 AD
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Oleg's druzhina attacks
Vladimir's on Chernigiv ramparts while his Polovtsi plunder the region.
Vladimir retreats back to Periaslavl. Then Polovtsi burn Kyiv. Svyatapolk II
enters into peace agreement with Khan Tugor and marries the Khan's daughter in
1095.
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1094 AD
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After this time no mention of
Tmutorakhan as Polovtsi and Venice have trade control, Rus connection with
Chernosesus broken, Sudak increasing as major Polovtsi city - also last mention
of Khazars in Rus chronicles.
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1095 AD
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Ryazan founded.
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1095 AD
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David Svyatoslavich is sent to
Smolensk, Novgorod reverts to Vladimir Monomakh's son, Mstislav. Oleg
Svyatoslavich is driven out of Chernigiv again by Vladimir and Svyatopolk.
Other Rus princes ignore the peace agreement. Izyaslav Monomakh is at Kursk and
takes Murom. Oleg had held the town through an agent, so he retaliates at
Rostov and Suzdal. This provokes Mstislav Monomakh at Rostov.
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1096 AD
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Polovtsi forces of Khans Kur and
Tugor fall on Pereyaslavl town Ust'ye at the confluence of the Trubesh and
Dnepr and on Kyiv. Vladimir Monomakh kills two Polovtsi leaders in battle. Khan
Turog raids Periaslavl while Khan Boniak raids Kyiv and burns royal palace at
Berestovo and sacks the three monasteries south of town. Oleg Svyatoslavich
goes north to war against Vladimir Monomakh's sons, one is killed at Suzdal.
Previously the north-eastern towns were remote and marginal, but now they are
becoming more important economically and therefore of more political interest.
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1096 AD
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Sudak is major Polovtsi city.
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1097 AD
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Hungarian (Magyar) King Carloman
intervention in Kyivan affairs.
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1097 AD
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Famous Liubich conference and
agreement. Oleg Svyatoslavich again given Chernigiv as patrimony of his family,
but his brother, David, rules. They are confirmed at Murom while Monomakh holds
Rostov and Suzdal. Volodar Rostislavich has Periamyshl, Vasilko Rostislavich
has Terebovl. But Vasilko is blinded by agents of Svyatopolk Izyaslavich and
David Igoryevich. This starts a 3-yr war. Vladimir Monomakh persuades
Svyatopolk II to leave David Igoryevich alone.
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1097 AD
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David Igoryevich Vladimirski
sends Kyivan troops and Polovtsi Khan Bonyak's cavalry against Magyars.
Polovtsi give Magyars a decisive defeat on the San River near Peremishl , this
is precedent for Kyivan use of Polovtsi cavalry in war.
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1099 AD
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War of Kyivan principality in
Volinya against Polish kingdom.
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11th cent
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Dorogobuzh and Starodub were
founded during this century.
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